Here we shall have a fragment that has a recycler view

BreakingNewsFragment.kt

class BreakingNewsFragment : Fragment(R.layout.fragment_breaking_news) {

    private val viewModel: BreakingNewsViewModel by viewModels()

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
        val binding = FragmentBreakingNewsBinding.bind(view)

        val newsArticleAdapter = NewsArticleListAdapter(
            onItemClick = { article ->

            },
            onBookmarkClick = { article ->

            }
        )
        binding.apply {
            recyclerView.apply {
                adapter = newsArticleAdapter
                layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(requireContext())
                setHasFixedSize(true)
            }
            lifecycleScope.launchWhenResumed {
                viewModel.breakingNews.collect { articles ->
                    newsArticleAdapter.submitList(articles)
                }
            }
        }

    }


}

fragment_breaking_news.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <androidx.swiperefreshlayout.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout
        android:id="@+id/swipe_refresh_layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <RelativeLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent">

            <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
                android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent" />

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/text_view_error"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_above="@id/button_retry"
                android:layout_margin="8dp"
                android:gravity="center_horizontal"
                android:visibility="gone"
                tools:text="An error occurred"
                tools:visibility="visible" />

            <Button
                android:id="@+id/button_retry"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_centerInParent="true"
                android:text="@string/retry"
                android:visibility="gone"
                tools:visibility="visible" />

        </RelativeLayout>

    </androidx.swiperefreshlayout.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout>

</androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

item_news_article.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/image_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="250dp"
        android:scaleType="centerCrop"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        tools:src="@tools:sample/backgrounds/scenic" />

    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:src="@drawable/gradient"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/text_view_title"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_margin="8dp"
        android:ellipsize="end"
        android:maxLines="2"
        android:textColor="#fff"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@id/image_view_bookmark"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        tools:text="Headline" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/image_view_bookmark"
        android:layout_width="36dp"
        android:layout_height="36dp"
        android:layout_margin="8dp"
        android:src="@drawable/ic_bookmark_unselected"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

NewsArticleComparator.kt

class NewsArticleComparator  : DiffUtil.ItemCallback<NewsArticle>() {

    /**
     * To know if two articles are the same, we can use the url field because url is the primary key
     */
    override fun areItemsTheSame(oldItem: NewsArticle, newItem: NewsArticle) =
        oldItem.url == newItem.url

    /**
     * Now in comparing two items, We need to match each value of NewsArticle constructor param
     * So, If either one of the param is different, We return false
     */
    override fun areContentsTheSame(oldItem: NewsArticle, newItem: NewsArticle) =
        oldItem == newItem

}

NewsArticleListAdapter.kt

class NewsArticleListAdapter(
    private val onItemClick : (NewsArticle) -> Unit,
    private val onBookmarkClick : (NewsArticle) -> Unit
) : ListAdapter<NewsArticle,NewsArticleViewHolder>(NewsArticleComparator()) {

    override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): NewsArticleViewHolder {
        val binding =
            ItemNewsArticleBinding.inflate(LayoutInflater.from(parent.context), parent, false)
        return NewsArticleViewHolder(
            binding,
            onItemClick = { position ->
                val article = getItem(position)
                if (article != null) {
                    onItemClick(article)
                }
            },
            onBookmarkClick = { position ->
                val article = getItem(position)
                if (article != null) {
                    onBookmarkClick(article)
                }
            }
        )
    }

    override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: NewsArticleViewHolder, position: Int) {
        // Get the position of the item
        val currentItem = getItem(position)
        // Theoretically current item can return null so we shall check for null and then bind the item
        if (currentItem != null) {
            holder.bind(currentItem)
        }
    }

}

NewsArticleViewHolder.kt

class NewsArticleViewHolder(
    // Binding view
    private val binding: ItemNewsArticleBinding,
    // Entire row click
    private val onItemClick : (Int) -> Unit,
    // Bookmark view click
    private val onBookmarkClick : (Int) -> Unit
) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(binding.root) {

    init {
        // Position of the adapter
        val position = bindingAdapterPosition

        binding.apply {
            // Set click listener for entire row
            root.setOnClickListener {
                if (position != RecyclerView.NO_POSITION) {
                    onItemClick(position)
                }
            }
            // Set click listener for a particular item  in the row
            imageViewBookmark.setOnClickListener {
                if (position != RecyclerView.NO_POSITION) {
                    onBookmarkClick(position)
                }
            }
        }
    }

    fun bind(article: NewsArticle) {
        binding.apply {
            Glide.with(itemView)
                .load(article.thumbnailUrl)
                .error(R.drawable.image_placeholder)
                .into(imageView)

            textViewTitle.text = article.title ?: ""

            imageViewBookmark.setImageResource(
                when {
                    article.isBookmarked -> R.drawable.ic_bookmark_selected
                    else -> R.drawable.ic_bookmark_unselected
                }
            )
        }
    }

}