api_sample.py

#!/usr/bin/python2.4
#
# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License');
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an 'AS IS' BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Example script.

   Connects to an installation of Google Short Links and submits an
   API request.

   Example commands:
     Get the details of the short link 'foo':
       python api_sample.py
           --details
           --server=shortlinks.example.com
           --hmac=foobar
           --email=anything
           --url=anything
           --shortcut_name=foo
     Create a new short link 'bar' that points to www.google.com and
     is owned by [email protected]:
       python api_sample.py
           --create
           --server=shortlinks.example.com
           --hmac=foobar
           [email protected]
           --url=http://www.google.com
           --shortcut_name=bar
     Create a new public HASHED short link that points to www.google.com and
     is owned by [email protected]:
       python api_sample.py
           --hash
           --server=shortlinks.example.com
           --hmac=foobar
           [email protected]
           --url=http://www.google.com
           --shortcut_name=anything
           --is_public
"""

import base64
import datetime
import hmac
import optparse
import sha
import sys
import time
import urllib
import urllib2

def make_request_uri(hostname, api_method, secret, **parameters):
  """Constructs a signed api request.

     Contains a miniature implementation of an oauth signing mechanism.
     Not complete, but enough for this use case.

  Args:
    hostname: the name of the domain that short links is installed at
    api_method: the api method to be called, like get_or_create_hash
    secret: the api (hmac) secret to be used
    parameters: additional arguments that should be passed to the api-method
  Returns:
    A signed URL that the short links server would understand.
  """
  # What is the url (without parameters)?
  base_url = 'http://%s/js/%s' % (hostname.lower(), api_method)

  # What is the base query string?
  parameters['oauth_signature_method'] = 'HMAC-SHA1'
  parameters['timestamp'] = str(
      time.mktime(datetime.datetime.now().timetuple()))
  param_array = [(k, v) for k, v in parameters.items()]
  param_array.sort()
  keyvals = ['%s=%s' % (urllib.quote(a, ''), urllib.quote(str(b), ''))
             for a, b in param_array]
  unsecaped = '&'.join(keyvals)
  signature_base_string = 'GET&%s&%s' % (
      urllib.quote(base_url, ''), urllib.quote(unsecaped, ''))

  # Create oauth secret
  signature = urllib.quote(base64.b64encode(
      hmac.new(secret, signature_base_string, sha).digest()), '')

  # Return the result
  return '%s?%s&oauth_signature=%s' % (base_url, unsecaped, signature)

def parse_options(argv):
  """Creates a parser that can evaluate commandline options."""
  parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage='%prog [options] [-- diff_options]')
  group = parser.add_option_group('Server options')
  group.add_option('-s', '--server', dest='server',
                   metavar='SERVER', default=None,
                   help='The name of the server we connect to, '
                   'like shortlinks.example.com')
  group.add_option('-H', '--hmac', dest='hmac',
                   metavar='SECRET', default=None,
                   help='The HMAC secret that provides API access')
  group = parser.add_option_group('Available commands')
  group.add_option('--hash', '--get_or_create_hash', action='store_const',
                   const='get_or_create_hash',
                   dest='action', help='Get or create a hashed short link')
  group.add_option('--details', '--get_details', action='store_const',
                   const='get_details',
                   dest='action', help='Get the details of a short link')
  group.add_option('--create', '--get_or_create_shortlink',
                   action='store_const',
                   const='get_or_create_shortlink',
                   dest='action', help='Get or create a regular short link')
  group = parser.add_option_group('Command details')
  group.add_option('-e', '--email', dest='email',
                   metavar='EMAIL', default=None,
                   help='Email of the owner of a short link')
  group.add_option('-u', '--url', dest='url',
                   metavar='URL', default=None,
                   help='Url of a short link')
  group.add_option('-n', '--shortcut_name', dest='shortcut_name',
                   metavar='SHORTCUT_NAME', default=None,
                   help='Name of the short link')
  group.add_option('--public', '--is_public', dest='is_public',
                   action='store_true', metavar='IS_PUBLIC', default=False,
                   help='Set to create a public short link')
  group.add_option('--dryrun', dest='dryrun', action='store_true',
                   metavar='DRYRUN', default=False,
                   help='Only perform a dry run, do not submit the action')
  return parser.parse_args(argv)

def main():
  options = parse_options(sys.argv[1:])[0]
  for field in ('server', 'action', 'hmac', 'email', 'url', 'shortcut_name'):
    if getattr(options, field, None) is None:
      print '%s not set' % field
      return
  request_url = make_request_uri(
      options.server,
      options.action,
      options.hmac,
      user=options.email,
      url=options.url,
      shortcut=options.shortcut_name,
      is_public=str(options.is_public).lower())
  if options.dryrun:
    print 'Request URL is %s' % request_url
  else:
    print 'Connecting to %s...' % options.server
    print '(full request url is %s )' % request_url
    response = urllib2.urlopen(request_url)
    print 'result: %s' % response.read()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()