UTF-8 Conversion in JDK 1.7 and 1.8

UTF8PerJavaVersion.java

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
import java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class UTF8PerJavaVersion {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CharacterCodingException {
        byte[] b_org = new byte[] { (byte) 0xfd, (byte) 0xfc };
        for (byte b_each : b_org) {
            System.out.printf(" %02X", b_each);
        }
        System.out.println("");
        String s = convertByteArrayToString(b_org);
        System.out.println(s);
        for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
            System.out.printf(" %04X", (int)c);
        }
        System.out.println("");
        byte[] b_new = s.getBytes(charset);
        for (byte b_each : b_new) {
            System.out.printf(" %02X", b_each);
        }
        System.out.println("");
    }

    private static String convertByteArrayToString(byte[] b) throws CharacterCodingException {
        CharsetDecoder decoder = Charset.forName("UTF-8")
                .newDecoder()
                .onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction.REPLACE)
                .onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction.REPLACE);
        return decoder.decode(ByteBuffer.wrap(b)).toString();
    }

    private static final Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
}

# Compile: JDK 7u80, Execute: JDK 7u80
$ env JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_80.jdk/Contents/Home javac UTF8PerJavaVersion.java
$ env JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_80.jdk/Contents/Home java UTF8PerJavaVersion
 FD FC
??
 FFFD
 EF BF BD

# Compile: JDK 8u102, Execute: JDK 8u102
$ env JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_102.jdk/Contents/Home javac UTF8PerJavaVersion.java
$ env JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_102.jdk/Contents/Home java UTF8PerJavaVersion
 FD FC
????
 FFFD FFFD
 EF BF BD EF BF BD

# Compile: JDK 7u80, Execute: JDK 8u102
$ env JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_80.jdk/Contents/Home javac UTF8PerJavaVersion.java
$ env JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_102.jdk/Contents/Home java UTF8PerJavaVersion
 FD FC
????
 FFFD FFFD
 EF BF BD EF BF BD

# Compile: JDK 8U102, Execute: JDK 7u80
# java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: UTF8PerJavaVersion : Unsupported major.minor version 52.0

Bug: https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-7082883
Bug: https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-7082884
Summary: https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-7096080
Change: http://hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk8/jdk8/jdk/rev/417d91754849

FYI: http://answerforqa.weblog.to/archives/1038977704.html
FYI: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/25404373/java-8-utf-8-encoding-issue-java-bug/25404994#25404994