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library(tidyverse) | |
# Colliders | |
x1 <- rnorm(1000) | |
y <- 1.2 + 1.6 * x1 + rnorm(1000) | |
z <- 0.6 + 1.3*x1 + 1.5*y + rnorm(1000) | |
df1 <- tibble(x1 = x1, y = y, z = z) | |
new_x1 <- rnorm(1000) | |
new_y <- 1.2 + 1.6 * new_x1 + rnorm(1000) | |
new_z <- rnorm(1000) | |
df2 <- tibble(x1 = new_x1 , y = new_y, z = new_z) | |
modelo1 <- lm(y ~ z + x1) | |
modelo2 <- lm(y ~ x1) | |
# Prediction | |
modelo_collider_dados_reais <- qplot(predict(modelo1, newdata = df1), y) + theme_bw() + ggtitle("Collider com Dados Reais") | |
modelo_sem_collider_dados_reais <- qplot(predict(modelo2, newdata = df1), y) + theme_bw() + ggtitle("Sem Collider com Dados Reais") | |
# Intervention | |
modelo_collider_dados_inventados <- qplot(predict(modelo1, newdata = df2), new_y) + theme_bw() + ggtitle("Collider com Dados Inventados") | |
modelo_sem_collider_dados_inventados <- qplot(predict(modelo2, newdata = df2), new_y) + theme_bw() + ggtitle("Sem Collider com Dados Inventados") | |
library(gridExtra) | |
grid.arrange(modelo_collider_dados_inventados, modelo_sem_collider_dados_inventados, modelo_collider_dados_reais, modelo_sem_collider_dados_reais) |
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