Cheating Material For Linux Utility Lab

luljmi.sh

#####################################################################
#                        The LuL Cheat Code                         #
#                                                                   #
#        Editor in chief:                                           #
#                                                                   #
#               pSyCh0_c0d3r                                        #
#                                                                   #
#        Individual Authors:                                        #
#                                                                   #
#               asparagus                                           #
#               beingcooper                                         #
#               chaichuy                                            #
#               gre_boy                                             #
#               goldinotes                                          #
#                                                                   #
#    Other Complimentary Resources:                                 #
#                                                                   #
#       git clone https://github.com/zishanAhmad/LUL-1              #
#                                                                   #
#    Agar iss file ki wajah se paas huye toh party chaiye saalon!   #
#    Subah 4:15 pe uthke banayi hai.                                #
#                                                                   #
#    Lines beginning with # are comments.                           #
#    Remove the # while copying code.                               #
#                                                                   #
#                        man is your friend!                        #
#                                                                   #
#####################################################################

#####################################################################
#                                                                   #
#                             INDEX                                 #
#                                                                   #
#                      Kernel Compilation                           #
#                      RTOS                                         #
#                      Pre-Compiled RTOS                            #
#                      System Calls                                 #
#                      Kernel Module Steps                          #
#                      Sample Kernel Modules                        #
#                      Bootloader                                   #
#                      FTP                                          #
#                      DHCP                                         #
#                      SMTP                                         #
#                      Apache                                       #
#                      DNS                                          #
#                      RAID                                         #
#                                                                   #
#####################################################################


# =============================
#       Kernel Compile
#               - by chaichuy
# =============================

# Download any kernel version from https://www.kernel.org.

# Extract!
tar -xJvf kernel_verson_name

cd linux-version-name

# For menuconfig
sudo apt-get install libncurss5-dev libncursesw5-dev

# Now modify your modules function like disabling your
# keyboard etc SAVE and EXIT. This Step is OPTIONAL.
make menuconfig

# MAKE - ANDHA TIME
make -j 4

make modules

sudo make modules_install

sudo make install

# Reebot machine
sudo reboot

# =============================
#           RTOS
#             - by pSyCh0_c0d3r
# =============================

# Download a kernel version
# from: www.kernel.org
#
# and its corresponding patch
# from:
# https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/rt/

# UnTAR kernel
tar -xzvf linux-3.12.9.tar.gz

cd linux-3.12.9

# Run Patch!
gzip -cd ../patch-3.12.9-rt12.patch.gz | patch -p1

# Rest same as Kernel Compile
sudo make menuconfig

sudo make
sudo make modules

sudo make modules_install
sudo make install

sudo reboot

# More Help
# http://askubuntu.com/a/83066

# =============================
#      Pre Compiled RTOS
#             - by gre_boy
# =============================

# 1. Add these repositories manually to /etc/apt/sources.list file.

  # From command line enter
    sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

  # And add these two lines at the end of the file
    # deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/abogani/realtime/ubuntu precise main
    # deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/abogani/realtime/ubuntu precise main

# 2. Now run

    sudo apt-get update.

# 3. Now you need to install real time os from the internet:

    sudo apt-get install linux-realtime

# 4. Reboot your system, the GRUB should show the real-time OS.

# If your grub does not show the RTOS just installed in the list of available
# kernels, then you need to use boot-repair.

# If you have only linux and it does not shows the kernal.

# You need to just edit /etc/default/grub and remove 0 from the
#
#     GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 <- remove O
#             ||
#             \/
#     GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=

# Run
sudo grub-update
# and reboot.

# =============================
#      System Calls
#             - by beingcooper
# =============================

# 1) Create a directory hello in the kernel source directory:

    mkdir hello
    cd hello

# 2) Create a "hello.c" file in this folder and add the definition
#     of the system call to it as given below (you can use any text editor).

    gedit hello.c

    # Add these contents!

        #include <linux/kernel.h>
        asmlinkage sys_hello(void)
        {
            printk("Hello World\n");
            return 0;
        }

# 3) Create a "Makefile" in the hello folder and  add the given line into it.

    gedit Makefile

        obj-­y  :=hello.o

    # Makefiles are indented with tab characters!

# This is to ensure that the hello.c file is compiled and included
# in the kernel source code.

# 4) Change back into the linux-3.16 folder and open Makefile

    gedit Makefile

    # Goto line:

        "core-y += kernel/ mm/ fs/ ipc/ security/crypto/block/"

    # Change this to:

        "kernel/ mm/ fs/ ipc/ security/ crypto/ block/ hello/"

    # This is to tell the compiler that the source files of our
    # new system call (sys_hello()) are in present in the hello directory.

# 5) If your system is a 64 bit system you will need to alter
# the syscall_64.tbl file else syscall_32.tbl.

    cd arch/x86/syscalls
    gedit syscall_64.tbl

    # Add the following line in the end of the file :-
    545    i386    hello    sys_hello

    # 545 – It is the number of the system call .
    # It should be one plus the number of the last system call..
    # This has to be noted down to make the system call in the userspace program.

# 6) cd  include/linux/

    gedit syscalls.h

    # Add the following line to the end of the file but before #endif statement .
    asmlinkage long sys_hello(void);

    # This defines the prototype of the function in our system call.
    # "asmlinkage" is the key word to indicate all the parameters
    #  are available in the stack

# 7) Now compile the linux source code.

            # TO TEST CODE

# Create a "hello.c" program in your home folder and
# type in the In the following code:

    #include <linux/kernel.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <sys/syscall.h>
    int main()
    {
        long int r = syscall(545);
        printf("System call sys_hello returned %ld\n",r);
        return 0;
    }

# Now compile this program using the following command.

    gcc hello.c

    # If all goes well you will not have any errors else,
    # rectify the errors.

    # Now run the program using the following command.

    ./a.out

    # You will see the following line getting printed in the
    # terminal if all the steps were followed correctly.

        "System call sys_hello returned 0"

    # Now to check the message of the kernel you can run the
    # following command.
    dmesg

# =============================
#      Kernel Module Steps
#             - by chaichuy
# =============================

# Make a file hello.c with following code

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>

int init_module(void)
{
    printk(KERN_INFO "Hello world 1.\n");
    return 0;
}

void cleanup_module(void)
{
    printk(KERN_INFO "Goodbye world 1.\n");
}

# Create a makefile in the same directory with contents

obj-m += hello.o

all: make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules

clean: make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean

# Run make
make

# hello.ko will be created
sudo insmode hello.ko

# View log
dmesg | tail -n 5

# or
dmesg

# =============================
#      Sample Kernel Modules
#             - by beingcooper
# =============================

# Module for right triangle test

"

include <linux/module.h>    // included for all kernel modules
include <linux/kernel.h>    // included for KERN_INFO
include <linux/init.h>      // included for __init and __exit macros
include <linux/moduleparam.h>

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("beingcooper");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A Simple Kernel Module");
int a=3, b=4, c=5;  // default values
module_param(a, int, 0);  // command line input for a, b & c
module_param(b, int, 0);
module_param(c, int, 0);

static int __init hello_init(void)
{

    if( (c*c) == (a*a) + (b*b))
    printk(KERN_INFO "Traingle with sides %d, %d and %d is a Right Angle Traingle\n",a,b,c);
    else
    printk(KERN_INFO "Traingle with sides %d, %d and %d is NOT Right Angle Traingle\n",a,b,c);
    return 0;    // Non-zero return means that the module couldn't be loaded.
}

static void __exit hello_cleanup(void)
{
    printk(KERN_INFO "Cleaning up module.\n");
}

module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_cleanup);

"

##############################################

# Module for sum of n natural number

"

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
static int sum=0;
static int myint = 20;

#define DRIVER_AUTHOR "oleola"
#define DRIVER_DESC   "A sample driver"

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR(DRIVER_AUTHOR);    // Who wrote this module?
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRIVER_DESC); // What does this module do?

module_param(myint,int,0);

static int __init hello_init(void)
{
    int i;
    printk(KERN_INFO "Series of %d natural numbers :",myint);
    for(i=1;i<=myint;i++)
    {
        sum=sum+i;
        printk(KERN_INFO " %d ",i);
    }
    printk(KERN_INFO "Sum is:%d\n\n\n",sum);
    return 0;
}

static void __exit hello_exit(void)
{
    printk(KERN_INFO "Goodbye world\n");

}

module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);

"

##############################################

# Module for sum of n number

"

#include<linux/module.h>
#include<linux/moduleparam.h>
#include<linux/kernel.h>
#include<linux/init.h>

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("oleola");

static int n=0,sum=0;
static int array[70];
static int arr_argc=0;

module_param(n,int,0);
module_param_array(array,int,&arr_argc,0000);

static int sum_init(void)
{
    int i;
    printk(KERN_INFO "Series for summation is :");
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        sum=sum+array[i];
        printk(KERN_INFO " %d ",array[i]);
    }
    printk(KERN_INFO "Sum of above series is:%d\n\n\n",sum);
    return 0;
}

static void sum_exit(void)
{
    printk(KERN_INFO "Goodbye World\n");
}

module_init(sum_init);
module_exit(sum_exit);

"

# =============================
#      Bootloader
#             - by pSyCh0_c0d3r
# =============================

# Run your editor:
gedit boot.asm

# Add these contents

"

[BITS 16] ; 16-bit Real Mode
[ORG 0x7C00] ; BIOS boot origin

JMP main

; Variables
Message db "pSyCh0_c0d3r", 0x0
AnyKey db "Press any key to reboot...", 0x0

;Print characters to the screen
Println:
    LODSB ; Load String
    OR AL, AL
    JZ Complete

    MOV AH, 0x0E
    INT 0x10 ;BIOS Interrupt 0x10 - Used to print characters

    JMP Println ;Loop

Complete:
    CALL PrintNwL

;Prints empty new lines like '\n' in C/C++
PrintNwL:
    MOV AL, 0   ; null terminator '\0'
    STOSB       ; store string

    ;Adds a newline break '\n'
    MOV AH, 0x0E
    MOV AL, 0x0D
    INT 0x10

    MOV AL, 0x0A
    INT 0x10
    RET

;Reboot the Machine
Reboot:
    ;Sends us to the end of the memory
    ;Causing reboot
    DB 0x0EA
    DW 0x0000
    DW 0xFFFF

;Gets the pressed key
GetPressedKey:
    MOV AH, 0
    INT 0x16  ;BIOS Keyboard Service
    MOV AH, 0
    INT 0x16  ;BIOS Keyboard Service
    RET

;Bootloader entry-code
main:
    CLI ;Clear interrupts

    ;Setup stack segments
    MOV AX, CS
    MOV DS, AX
    MOV ES, AX
    MOV SS, AX

    STI ;Enable interrupts

    ;Print the first characters
    MOV SI, Message
    CALL Println

    CALL PrintNwL

    MOV SI, AnyKey
    CALL Println

    CALL GetPressedKey
    CALL Reboot

    TIMES 510 - ($-$$) db 0 ;Fill the rest of the bootloader with zeros
    DW 0xAA55 ;Boot signature

"

# Install nasm compiler
sudo apt-get install nasm

# Compile your file
nasm -f bin boot.asm -o boot.img

# Make bootable PD
#
# TODO: How to write IMG to PD?
#
# Use in-built tool:
#   Startup Disk Creator and select a Disk Image
#
# Use this tool to write IMG file to PD
# http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/

# Alternate compile and burn steps
# - by asparagus

nasm boot.asm –f bin –o boot.bin

dd if=boot.bin of=/dev/sdX bs=512 count=1

# Here X Can Be Replaced With Your Partition

# =============================
#            FTP
#             - by goldinotes
#                  pSyCh0_c0d3r
# =============================

# Install FTP Server
sudo apt-get install vsftpd

# Open the file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# Uncomment the following lines
#
# This file will make a nice pastime
write_enable=YES
listen=YES

# Start the service
sudo service vsftpd start

# Replace localhost by IP 192.67.54.14
ftp localhost

# Enter credentials

# Use the commands
#
# get filename
# put filename

# Prepare for VIVA from
man ftp

# =============================
#            DHCP
#             - by goldinotes
#                  pSyCh0_c0d3r
# =============================

# Install DHCP Server
sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server

# Open the isc-dhcp-server file: /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server
sudo gedit /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server

# Changes interfaces in the last line to
interfaces = "eth0"

# Or just in case you're going for wifi based
interfaces = "wlan0"

# Open the dhcpd.conf: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
sudo gedit /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

# Scroll down the file to find configurations:

# Lease time ( default and max lease time ) optional
# Domain name and domain name servers
# The range of IP addresses that you want DHCP server to assign to hosts
# The network address
# The subnet mask

# Sample configurations:

# by goldinotes

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
 range 192.168.1.80 192.168.1.90;
 option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
 option domain-name "internal.example.org";
 option routers 192.168.1.1;
 option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
 default-lease-time 60;
 max-lease-time 60;
}

# by pSyCh0_c0d3r
#
# assign a big range,
# so that any IP your client gets falls into it

subnet 10.42.0.0  netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 10.42.0.1 10.42.0.200;
  option domain-name-servers 10.42.0.1;
  option domain-name "sample.org";
  option routers 10.42.0.254;
  option broadcast-address 10.42.0.255;
  default-lease-time 60;
  max-lease-time 70;
}

# After making changes to the configuration files, save them
# and start the DHCP server
sudo service isc-dhcp-server start

# You need to assign your machine a Manual IP within your range.

# Connect to the client via ethernet cable.

# Make sure that the network settings are selected to DHCP
# at the client's site.

# FINGERS CROSSED!

# Now type the command ifconfig at terminal at client's site.

# You will notice that the ip assigned to client is in between
# the range we defined for the DHCP server.

# =============================
#            SMTP
#             - by beingcooper
#                  pSyCh0_c0d3r
# =============================

# Install the following :
sudo apt-get install postfix mailutils dovecot-common dovecot-pop3d dovecot-imapd libsasl2-2 ca-certificates libsasl2-modules

# Open a terminal and then add user by typing :
adduser newusername

# In a new tab (Ctrl+Shift+T)
su newusername

# In first tab type:
echo "message" | mail -s "subject" newusername@localhost

# In the second tab simply type :
mail

# If it isn't working, maybe try out these!
#
# For me, all this was not required!

    sudo apt-get purge postfix mailutils dovecot-common dovecot-pop3d dovecot-imapd

    sudo apt-get install postfix mailutils dovecot-common dovecot-pop3d dovecot-imapd

    sed -i 's/.*inet_interfaces.*/inet_interfaces = all /' /etc/postfix/main.cf
    sed -i 's/.*inet_interfaces = localhost.*/#inet_interfaces = localhost /' /etc/postfix/main.cf

    echo -e '\ntransport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport \n' >> /etc/postfix/main.cf
    touch /etc/postfix/aliases /etc/postfix/transport

    postalias /etc/postfix/aliases
    postmap /etc/postfix/transport
    postmap hash:/etc/postfix/transport

    sed -i 's/.*mail_privileged.*/mail_privileged_group = mail /' /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
    sed -i 's/.*mail_location.*/mail_location = mbox:~\/mail:INBOX=\/var\/mail\/%u /' /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf

    sudo service dovecot restart
    sudo service postfix restart

        # To Send Message To GMAIL
        # - by beingcooper

# This method will most likely, NOT WORK.
# Keep reading, as there's another way too.

# Make sure your internet connection allows you to
# send spam to your mail.

# Now simply type :
echo "message"  | mail -s "subject" your_email_id

# Now Check your Spam folder in your mail.

# If this works, you are probably the luckiest
# bastard in the world. If not:

        # Sending mail to GMAIL
        # - by pSyCh0_c0d3r

# Open
sudo vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

# Add these lines
relayhost = [smtp.gmail.com]:587
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/cacert.pem
smtp_use_tls = yes

# Open
sudo vim /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd

# This is a critical step.
#
# You need to provide your own email address, this will
# become the new sender!
#
# So, for eg: gre_boy will write this line as
#
# [smtp.gmail.com]:587  [email protected]:stanfordhereicome

[smtp.gmail.com]:587  [email protected]:YOURPASSWORD

# Some shit!
sudo chmod 400 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
sudo postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd

# Some more shit!
cat /etc/ssl/certs/Thawte_Premium_Server_CA.pem | sudo tee -a /etc/postfix/cacert.pem

# These are troubled times, harry!
sudo /etc/init.d/postfix reload

# Try sending a mail
echo "Mail Body" | mail -s "Mail Subject" [email protected]

# This has to work man. IT JUST HAS TO.
#
# If not, you know where to find me.
#
# :(

# More help can be found at
man mail


# =============================
#            Apache
#             - by pSyCh0_c0d3r
# =============================

# Install stuff!
sudo apt-get install apache2 php5 libapache2-mod-php5

# Restart Server
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

# Your web files will now be found in /var/www/html/

# So, place PHP files there, and then visit them in your browser
localhost/php_file_name.php

# https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-configure-the-apache-web-server-on-an-ubuntu-or-debian-vps
# https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-apache-virtual-hosts-on-ubuntu-14-04-lts

# =============================
#            DNS
#             - by gre_boy
# =============================

# Method 1: localhost

# We Need To Change Entries Of /etc/hosts File

127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.0.1 localhost

10.2.0.30 cit

# Now open the shit in browser

##################################

# Method 2: Bind9
#
# With A Foreign Server Given (We have used Krizna)

sudo apt-get install bind9

gedit /etc/bind/named.conf.options

# Uncomment the following:

forwarders {
       8.8.8.8;
       8.8.4.4;
       };

# Restart the server!
sudo service bind9 restart

# Open
gedit /etc/resolv.conf

# Edit nameserver ip to 127.0.0.1 or your serverIP.
nameserver 127.0.0.1

sudo cp /etc/bind/db.local /etc/bind/db.krizna.com

gedit /etc/bind/db.krizna.com

# The edited version of the file:
; BIND data file for local loopback interface
;
$TTL    604800
@ IN SOA ns.krizna.com. root.ns.krizna.com. (
                              2         ; Serial
                         604800         ; Refresh
                          86400         ; Retry
                        2419200         ; Expire
                         604800 )       ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@       IN      NS      ns.krizna.com.
@       IN      A       192.168.6.5
@       IN      AAAA    ::1
ns      IN      A       192.168.6.5
www     IN   A  192.168.6.10

# Another fucking thing!
sudo cp /etc/bind/db.127 /etc/bind/db.192
gedit /etc/bind/db.192

# Edited version of the file:
; BIND reverse data file for local loopback interface
;
$TTL    604800
@ IN SOA ns.krizna.com. root.ns.krizna.com. (
                              1         ; Serial
                         604800         ; Refresh
                          86400         ; Retry
                        2419200         ; Expire
                         604800 )       ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@      IN      NS      ns.
5      IN      PTR     ns.krizna.com.
10     IN      PTR     www.krizna.com.

# Yet another one!
gedit /etc/bind/named.conf.local

# Edited version of the file:

// Forward zone
zone "krizna.com" {
        type master;
        file "/etc/bind/db.krizna.com";
};

//reverse zone
zone "6.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
        type master;
        file "/etc/bind/db.192";
};

# Instead of 6.168.192 add the first three octets of your network ip.
sudo service bind9 restart

# Now test using nslookup command.
nslookup www.krizna.com

# Output:

# Server: 127.0.0.1
# Address: 127.0.0.1#53
# Name: www.krizna.com
# Address: 192.168.6.10

nslookup 172.27.6.10

#   Output:

# Server: 127.0.0.1
# Address: 127.0.0.1#53
# 10.6.27.172.in-addr.arpa name = www.krizna.com

# Source: http://www.krizna.com/ubuntu/configure-dns-server-ubuntu-14-04/

##################################

# Method 3: DNSMASQ
#
# LAN

# WTF IS THIS THING?
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq

gedit /etc/dnsmasq.conf

# Uncomment the following lines:
domain-needed
bogus-priv
no-resolv
no-poll
server=/example.com/192.168.0.5
server=8.8.8.8
server=208.67.220.220
local=/example.com/
address=/doubleclick.net/127.0.0.1
no-hosts
addn-hosts=/etc/dnsmasq.d/hosts.conf
expand-hosts
domain=example.com
dhcp-range=192.168.0.20,192.168.0.50,72h
dhcp-range=tftp,192.168.0.250,192.168.0.254
hcp-host=mylaptop,192.168.0.199,36h
dhcp-option=option:router,192.168.0.1
dhcp-option=option:ntp-server,192.168.0.5
dhcp-option=19,0 # ip-forwarding off
dhcp-option=44,192.168.0.5 # set netbios-over-TCP/IP aka WINS
dhcp-option=45,192.168.0.5 # netbios datagram distribution server
dhcp-option=46,8           # netbios node type

# 'nother file
gedit /etc/dnsmasq.d/hosts.conf

# Add a list of local machines with static IP addresses
# in the same format as the hosts file

# For exmaple:

192.168.0.8  mail mail.example.com
192.168.0.9  smtp smtp.example.com
192.168.0.120 mythtvbox mythtvbox.example.com

# Instead of the given IP's we need to add the addresses of
# those systems which are connected to the network.

# You can now test using the adresses added in the hosts file.
# Source: http://blogging.dragon.org.uk/howto-setup-dnsmasq-as-dns-dhcp/

# Test out shit!
sudo service dnsmasq start
sudo service dnsmasq stop
sudo service dnsmasq restart

# =============================
#            RAID
# =============================

# Maine k_ditya ko bola tha ki RAID kar le
# Woh bola ki dwarka_boys[0] ne usse kaha hai
# ki RAID nahin aane wala.

# These should get you started!
# https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/RAID_setup
# http://askubuntu.com/questions/505446/how-to-install-ubuntu-14-04-with-raid-1-using-desktop-installer
# https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SoftwareRAID
# https://feeding.cloud.geek.nz/posts/setting-up-raid-on-existing/

Redemption.