gistfile1

#include <list>
#include <stdexcept>

template <class T, class Allocator = std::allocator<T> > 
class my_list : public std::list<T,Allocator> {
  public:
    typedef typename std::list<T,Allocator>::reference reference;
    typedef typename std::list<T,Allocator>::const_reference const_reference;

    reference back() {
      if (this->empty()) {
         throw std::runtime_error("No entries in list, back not possible");
      }
      return std::list<T,Allocator>::back();
    }

    const_reference back() const {
      if (this->empty()) {
         throw std::runtime_error("blah blah");
      }
      return std::list<T,Allocator>::back();
    }
};

int main() {
   my_list<int> foo;
   foo.back();
   return -1;
}