INNER JOIN: returns rows when there is a match in both tables.
LEFT JOIN / LEFT OUTER JOIN: returns all rows from the left table, even if there are no matches in the right table.
RIGHT JOIN / RIGHT OUTER JOIN: returns all rows from the right table, even if there are no matches in the left table.
FULL JOIN / FULL OUTER JOIN / OUTER JOIN: returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables.
SELF JOIN: is used to join a table to itself, as if the table were two tables, temporarily renaming at least one table in the SQL statement.
CARTESIAN JOIN: returns the cartesian product of the sets of records from the two or more joined tables.