gitbash.md

Git and GitHub Essentials

1. Basic Git Commands for Cloning and Collaboration

• Clone a Repository: git clone <repository-url>
• Navigate to Directory: cd <directory>
• List Directory Contents: ls
• Check Git Status: git status (useful for verification)
• Add File to Staging Area: git add <filename>
• Commit Changes: git commit -m "Your commit message here"
• Push Changes: git push

Working with Remotes

• View Remotes: git remote -v
• Add Remote Upstream: git remote add upstream <repository-url>
• Pull from Upstream Master: git pull upstream master

Branch Management

• Create a Branch: git branch <branch-name>
• Switch to a Branch: git checkout <branch-name>

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2. Configuring Git

Configuration Levels

1. System: Configuration for all users on the computer

   • Location: /etc/gitconfig or Program Files\Git\etc\gitconfig
   • Command: git config --system

2. Global (User): Configuration for a specific user

   • Location: ~/.gitconfig or $HOME/.gitconfig
   • Command: git config --global

3. Project (Local): Configuration for a specific repository

   • Location: <project>/.git/config
   • Command: git config

Basic Configuration Settings

• Set Username: git config --global user.name "Your Name"
• Set Email: git config --global user.email "your-email@example.com"
• View Configurations: git config --list
• Edit Global Config: git config --global --edit
• Unset Configurations:
  • Remove specific setting: git config --global --unset <config-name>
  • Remove all values of a setting: git config --global --unset-all <config-name>

Access Config Files

• View Config File Content: cat ~/.gitconfig
• Edit Config in Windows: nano ~/.gitconfig or vi ~/.gitconfig

Color-Coding in Git

• Enable Color UI: git config --global color.ui true

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3. Configuring Line Endings

• Windows: git config --global core.autocrlf true
• Mac OS: git config --global core.autocrlf input

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4. Setting Up Git Aliases

• Status Shortcut: git config --global alias.s "status -s"
• Log Shortcut: git config --global alias.lg "log --oneline --all --graph --decorate"

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5. Getting Started with Git

• Initialize Repository: git init <project-name>
• Add Files with Pattern: git add ab* (adds files starting with "ab")
• Simple Log View: git log --oneline --decorate
  • Press q to exit log view

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6. Managing Files in Git

• Rename a File: git mv oldname.html newname.html
  • Alternative: mv oldname.css newname.css
• Delete a File:
  • Using Git: git rm <filename>
  • Directly: rm <filename>, then update Git

Working with .gitignore

• Exclude specific files or folders. Example:
  • !special.log (Don’t ignore special.log)

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7. Branching, Merging, and Rebasing

• Add & Commit in One Command: git commit -am "message"
  • Note: This won’t work for untracked files
• Branch Management:
  • Check branches: git branch
  • Create a branch: git branch <new-branch-name>
  • Switch branches: git checkout <branch-name>

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8. Difference Between Clone and Fork

• Clone: Use if you don’t plan to contribute back or are a collaborator.
• Fork: Required if you don’t know the repository owner and want to contribute back.

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9. Creating Files with Content

• Create and Write to a File: echo "Your text here" >> README.md

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This organized guide should help streamline your understanding and usage of Git and GitHub.