Merge two sorted one-dimensional arrays into a single sorted array.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
vector<int> mergeSortedArrays(const vector<int>& arr1, const vector<int>& arr2) {
vector<int> result;
int i = 0, j = 0;
while (i < arr1.size() && j < arr2.size()) {
if (arr1[i] < arr2[j]) result.push_back(arr1[i++]);
else result.push_back(arr2[j++]);
}
while (i < arr1.size()) result.push_back(arr1[i++]);
while (j < arr2.size()) result.push_back(arr2[j++]);
return result;
}
int main() {
vector<int> arr1 = {1, 3, 5};
vector<int> arr2 = {2, 4, 6};
vector<int> merged = mergeSortedArrays(arr1, arr2);
for (int num : merged) cout << num << " ";
}Insert an element at a specific position in a two-dimensional array and shift the subsequent elements.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void insertElement(vector<vector<int>>& arr, int row, int col, int value) {
arr[row].insert(arr[row].begin() + col, value);
for (int i = row; i < arr.size(); i++) {
for (int j = (i == row ? col + 1 : 0); j < arr[i].size(); j++) {
int temp = arr[i][j];
arr[i][j] = value;
value = temp;
}
}
}
int main() {
vector<vector<int>> arr = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
insertElement(arr, 1, 1, 10);
for (auto& row : arr) {
for (int val : row)
cout << val << " ";
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}Delete an element from a one-dimensional array and shift the remaining elements to fill the gap.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void deleteElement(int arr[], int& size, int index) {
for (int i = index; i < size - 1; i++)
arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
size--;
}
int main() {
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int size = 5;
deleteElement(arr, size, 2);
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
cout << arr[i] << " ";
return 0;
}Create a class Circle with a private data member radius and a public method to calculate the area using getArea() in C++.
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
class Circle {
private:
double radius;
public:
Circle(double r) : radius(r) {}
double getArea() {
return M_PI * radius * radius;
}
};
int main() {
Circle c(5.0);
cout << "Area: " << c.getArea() << endl;
return 0;
}Define a class Student with public attributes name and age, and a method display() that prints these details.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student {
public:
string name;
int age;
void display() {
cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Student s;
s.name = "John";
s.age = 20;
s.display();
return 0;
}Implement a class Rectangle in C++ that includes private members length and width, and a method getPerimeter() that returns the perimeter.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Rectangle {
private:
double length, width;
public:
Rectangle(double l, double w) : length(l), width(w) {}
double getPerimeter() {
return 2 * (length + width);
}
};
int main() {
Rectangle rect(5.0, 3.0);
cout << "Perimeter: " << rect.getPerimeter() << endl;
return 0;
}Write a class BankAccount with private data members accountNumber and balance, and a public method deposit(double amount) that updates the balance.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class BankAccount {
private:
int accountNumber;
double balance;
public:
BankAccount(int accNum, double bal) : accountNumber(accNum), balance(bal) {}
void deposit(double amount) {
balance += amount;
}
double getBalance() {
return balance;
}
};
int main() {
BankAccount account(12345, 1000.0);
account.deposit(500.0);
cout << "Balance: " << account.getBalance() << endl;
return 0;
}Design a class Book with a constructor that initializes title and author, and a public method printDetails() to display the book information.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Book {
string title, author;
public:
Book(string t, string a) : title(t), author(a) {}
void printDetails() {
cout << "Title: " << title << ", Author: " << author << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Book book("1984", "George Orwell");
book.printDetails();
return 0;
}Implement a stack using a linear array in C++ with methods for push, pop, and top operations.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Stack {
private:
int* arr;
int topIndex;
int capacity;
public:
Stack(int size) : capacity(size), topIndex(-1) {
arr = new int[capacity];
}
~Stack() {
delete[] arr;
}
void push(int value) {
if (topIndex < capacity - 1) {
arr[++topIndex] = value;
}
}
void pop() {
if (topIndex >= 0) {
--topIndex;
}
}
int top() {
if (topIndex >= 0) {
return arr[topIndex];
}
return -1;
}
};Create a stack using a circular array in C++ and handle overflow and underflow conditions.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class CircularStack {
private:
int* arr;
int top;
int capacity;
int size;
public:
CircularStack(int cap) : capacity(cap), size(0), top(-1) {
arr = new int[capacity];
}
~CircularStack() {
delete[] arr;
}
bool isFull() {
return size == capacity;
}
bool isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
void push(int value) {
if (isFull()) {
cout << "Overflow\n";
return;
}
top = (top + 1) % capacity;
arr[top] = value;
size++;
}
int pop() {
if (isEmpty()) {
cout << "Underflow\n";
return -1;
}
int value = arr[top];
top = (top - 1 + capacity) % capacity;
size--;
return value;
}
int peek() {
if (isEmpty()) {
cout << "Stack is empty\n";
return -1;
}
return arr[top];
}
};Design a stack using a singly linked list in C++ with push and pop operations, ensuring you handle memory management correctly.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Node {
public:
int data;
Node* next;
Node(int val) : data(val), next(nullptr) {}
};
class Stack {
Node* top;
public:
Stack() : top(nullptr) {}
void push(int val) {
Node* newNode = new Node(val);
newNode->next = top;
top = newNode;
}
void pop() {
if (top) {
Node* temp = top;
top = top->next;
delete temp;
}
}
bool isEmpty() {
return top == nullptr;
}
int peek() {
if (top) return top->data;
throw out_of_range("Stack is empty");
}
~Stack() {
while (top) {
pop();
}
}
};Write a C++ program to create a text file and write user input to it.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
ofstream file("output.txt");
if (file.is_open()) {
string input;
cout << "Enter text: ";
getline(cin, input);
file << input;
file.close();
}
return 0;
}Implement a C++ function to read the content of a binary file and display it as a string.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
string readBinaryFile(const string& filename) {
ifstream file(filename, ios::binary | ios::ate);
if (!file) return "";
streamsize size = file.tellg();
file.seekg(0, ios::beg);
string buffer(size, '\0');
file.read(&buffer[0], size);
return buffer;
}Write a C++ code snippet to append text to an existing file, ensuring the content is added to the end.
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
ofstream file("example.txt", ios::app);
file << "New text to append.\n";
file.close();
return 0;
}Create a C++ program that reads a binary file and counts the number of bytes.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
ifstream file("example.bin", ios::binary | ios::ate);
if (file.is_open()) {
streampos size = file.tellg();
cout << "Number of bytes: " << size << endl;
file.close();
}
return 0;
}Develop a C++ function to update specific lines in a text file based on user input.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
void updateLineInFile(const string& filename, int lineNumber, const string& newContent) {
ifstream fileIn(filename);
if (!fileIn) return;
vector<string> lines;
string line;
while (getline(fileIn, line)) lines.push_back(line);
fileIn.close();
if (lineNumber < 1 || lineNumber > lines.size()) return;
lines[lineNumber - 1] = newContent;
ofstream fileOut(filename);
for (const auto& l : lines) fileOut << l << endl;
}Write a program to find the sum of all even numbers from 1 to 100.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 2; i <= 100; i += 2) {
sum += i;
}
cout << sum;
return 0;
}Create a script that calculates the factorial of a number provided by the user.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int factorial(int n) {
if (n <= 1) return 1;
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}
int main() {
int num;
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> num;
cout << "Factorial of " << num << " is " << factorial(num) << endl;
return 0;
}Write a code snippet to find the largest element in an array.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int arr[] = {5, 7, 2, 9, 3};
int max = arr[0];
for(int i = 1; i < sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]); i++) {
if(arr[i] > max) max = arr[i];
}
cout << "Largest element: " << max << endl;
return 0;
}Develop a program to count the number of vowels in a given text.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string text;
getline(cin, text);
int count = 0;
for (char c : text) {
c = tolower(c);
if (c == 'a' || c == 'e' || c == 'i' || c == 'o' || c == 'u')
count++;
}
cout << count;
return 0;
}