Primary course

http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~cis194/lectures.html Brent Yorgey's course is the best I've found so far and replaces both Yann Esposito's HF&H and the NICTA course. This course is particularly valuable as it will not only equip you to write Haskell but also help you understand parser combinators.

Exercises for practice

You should do Yorgey's course before attempting this: https://github.com/NICTA/course/

Secondary material, references

LYAH and Real World Haskell (Thanks bos!) are available online.

I recommend RWH as a reference (thick book). The chapters for parsing and monads are great for getting a sense for where monads are useful. Other people have said that they've liked it a lot. Perhaps a good follow-up for practical idioms after you've got the essentials of Haskell down?

For learning some common typeclasses

Useful for understanding typeclasses in general but also some Hask-specific category theory: http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Typeclassopedia

Search code by type signature

Search engine (can search by type): http://www.haskell.org/hoogle/?hoogle=%28a+-%3E+b%29+-%3E+%5ba%5d+-%3E+%5bb%5d

Alternately:

https://www.fpcomplete.com/hoogle

also: http://holumbus.fh-wedel.de/hayoo/hayoo.html

Fun Stuff

After you're comfortable with Haskell, strongly consider learning Lenses and Prisms, even if just as a "user". You don't need to understand the underlying category for it to be useful.

Seen here: http://hackage.haskell.org/package/lens

Frontend/JavaScript

If you need JavaScript, you probably want Purescript for generating JS. Purescript not strictly Haskell but it is very similar and quite pleasant.

Parallelism/Concurrency

This book by Simon Marlow is probably the best I've ever read on the topics of Parallelism and Concurrency: http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1230000000929

http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Functional_Reactive_Programming