Concourse Windows Worker

build.bat

@echo off

nuget restore -Verbosity normal
if %errorlevel% neq 0 exit /b %errorlevel%

msbuild -p:Configuration=Release ^
        -p:WarningLevel=0
if %errorlevel% neq 0 exit /b %errorlevel%

dotnet.exe test TestProject.csproj --configuration Release --no-build -v n
if %errorlevel% neq 0 exit /b %errorlevel%

pipeline.yml

      - task: build
        config:
          platform: windows
          inputs:
            - name: input
          outputs:
            - name: output
          run:
            path: runDockerImage.bat
          params:
            DOCKER_IMAGE: mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/framework/sdk:4.7.2
            WORKING_DIRECTORY: input
            SCRIPT_PATH: build.bat
            ENV_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE: 1
            

runDockerImage.bat

@echo off

set DOCKER_IMAGE 1>NUL 2>NUL
if errorlevel 1 echo DOCKER_IMAGE environment variable must be set && exit /b 1

set SCRIPT_PATH 1>NUL 2>NUL
if errorlevel 1 echo SCRIPT_PATH environment variable must be set && exit /b 1

for /f "tokens=*" %%G in ('dir /b') do call set volumes=%%volumes%% -v "%cd%\%%G:C:\Concourse\%%G"
if errorlevel 1 exit /b %errorlevel%

echo. 2>environmentVariables.txt
if errorlevel 1 exit /b %errorlevel%

for /f "tokens=*" %%G in ('set ^| findstr ENV_') do echo %%G >> environmentVariables.txt
if errorlevel 1 exit /b %errorlevel%

powershell -Command "(gc environmentVariables.txt) -replace 'ENV_', '' | Out-File environmentVariables.txt -Encoding ascii"
if errorlevel 1 exit /b %errorlevel%

set WORKING_DIRECTORY 1>NUL 2>NUL
if errorlevel 1 (set workingDirectory=Concourse && cmd /c "exit /b 0") else (set workingDirectory=Concourse\%WORKING_DIRECTORY%)
if errorlevel 1 exit /b %errorlevel%

docker pull %DOCKER_IMAGE%
if errorlevel 1 exit /b %errorlevel%

docker run ^
    --entrypoint "%SCRIPT_PATH%" ^
    -w "C:\%workingDirectory%" ^
    %volumes% ^
    --env-file environmentVariables.txt ^
    --rm ^
    %DOCKER_IMAGE%
if errorlevel 1 exit /b %errorlevel%

Just some correction I would suggest:
While setting environment variables, set like
for /f "tokens=*" %%G in ('set ^| findstr ENV_') do echo %%G>> environmentVariables.txt
Instead of
for /f "tokens=*" %%G in ('set ^| findstr ENV_') do echo %%G >> environmentVariables.txt

Note the space before >>

So that, all environment variable' values don't have a space at the end of them.