extremecoders-re · November 7, 2024 03:36 · felipemarques · Apr 18, 2023 · felipemarques · Apr 18, 2023
diff --git a/qemu-networking.md b/qemu-networking.md
diff --git a/qemu-options.txt b/qemu-options.txt
 QEMU emulator version 2.5.0 (Debian 1:2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.16), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
 usage: qemu-system-i386 [options] [disk_image]

 'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

 Standard options:
 -h or -help     display this help and exit
 -version        display version information and exit
 -machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, tcg (default: tcg)
                kernel_irqchip=on|off controls accelerated irqchip support
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                kvm_shadow_mem=size of KVM shadow MMU
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                iommu=on|off controls emulated Intel IOMMU (VT-d) support (default=off)
                igd-passthru=on|off controls IGD GFX passthrough support (default=off)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
 -cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
 -smp [cpus=]n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]
                set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                cores= number of CPU cores on one socket
                threads= number of threads on one CPU core
                sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system
 -numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]
 -numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]
 -add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
 -set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
 -global driver.property=value
 -global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
 -boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
 -m[emory] [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
 NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
 -mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
 -mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
 -k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
 -audio-help     print list of audio drivers and their options
 -soundhw c1,... enable audio support
                and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)
                use '-soundhw help' to get the list of supported cards
                use '-soundhw all' to enable all of them
 -balloon none   disable balloon device
 -balloon virtio[,addr=str]
                enable virtio balloon device (default)
 -device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
 -name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux)
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name (on Linux)
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
 -uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

 Block device options:
 -fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
 -hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
 -hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
 -cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
 -drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,serial=s][,addr=A][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name][,aio=threads|native]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
 -mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
 -sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
 -pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
 -snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
 -hdachs c,h,s[,t]
                force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS
                translation (t=none or lba) (usually QEMU can guess them)
 -fsdev fsdriver,id=id[,path=path,][security_model={mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none}]
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd]
 -virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=[mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none]
        [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd]
 -virtfs_synth Create synthetic file system image

 USB options:
 -usb            enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
 -usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

 Display options:
 -display sdl[,frame=on|off][,alt_grab=on|off][,ctrl_grab=on|off]
            [,window_close=on|off]|curses|none|
            gtk[,grab_on_hover=on|off]|
            vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
                select display type
 -nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
 -curses         use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL
 -no-frame       open SDL window without a frame and window decorations
 -alt-grab       use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
 -ctrl-grab      use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
 -no-quit        disable SDL window close capability
 -sdl            enable SDL
 -spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr][,ipv4|ipv6|unix]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl][,password=<secret>][,disable-ticketing]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
 -portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
 -rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
 -vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
 -full-screen    start in full screen
 -vnc display    start a VNC server on display

 1 target only:
 -win2k-hack     use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug
 -no-fd-bootchk  disable boot signature checking for floppy disks
 -no-acpi        disable ACPI
 -no-hpet        disable HPET
 -acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data|file}=file1[:file2]...]
                ACPI table description
 -smbios file=binary
                load SMBIOS entry from binary file
 -smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]
              [,uefi=on|off]
                specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
 -smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
 -smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,location=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 2 fields
 -smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]
              [,sku=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 3 fields
 -smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,part=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 4 fields
 -smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]
               [,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 17 fields

 Network options:
 -netdev user,id=str[,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr][,restrict=on|off]
         [,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr][,dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,tftp=dir]
         [,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
 -netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
 -netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
 -netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on/off][,udp=on/off]
         [,cookie64=on/off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3391). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
 -netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
 -netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
 -netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
 -netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
 -netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n
                configure a hub port on QEMU VLAN 'n'
 -net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                old way to create a new NIC and connect it to VLAN 'n'
                (use the '-device devtype,netdev=str' option if possible instead)
 -net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n]
                dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet)
 -net none       use it alone to have zero network devices. If no -net option
                is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'
 -net [user|tap|bridge|socket][,vlan=n][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

 Character device options:
 -chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off]
 -chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,server][,nowait][,telnet][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off] (tcp)
 -chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off] (unix)
 -chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6][,mux=on|off]
 -chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off]
 -chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off]
 -chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size]
 -chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]
 -chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]
 -chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off]
 -chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off]
 -chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off]
 -chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]
 -chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]
 -chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]
 -chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]
 -chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug]
 -chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug]

 Device URL Syntax:
 -iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters
 Bluetooth(R) options:
 -bt hci,null    dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands
 -bt hci,host[:id]
                use host's HCI with the given name
 -bt hci[,vlan=n]
                emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'
 -bt vhci[,vlan=n]
                add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI
 -bt device:dev[,vlan=n]
                emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'

 TPM device options:
 -tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device

 Linux/Multiboot boot specific:
 -kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
 -append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
 -initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
 -dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

 Debug/Expert options:
 -fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry from file
 -fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry from string
 -serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
 -parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
 -monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
 -qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
 -qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
 -mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,default]
 -debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
 -pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
 -singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
 -S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
 -realtime [mlock=on|off]
                run qemu with realtime features
                mlock=on|off controls mlock support (default: on)
 -gdb dev        wait for gdb connection on 'dev'
 -s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
 -d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
 -D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
 -L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
 -bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
 -enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
 -xen-domid id   specify xen guest domain id
 -xen-create     create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend
                warning: should not be used when xend is in use
 -xen-attach     attach to existing xen domain
                xend will use this when starting QEMU
 -no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
 -no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
 -loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
 -daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
 -option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
 -rtc [base=utc|localtime|date][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
 -icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=no,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping
 -watchdog model
                enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none]
 -watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
 -echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
 -virtioconsole c
                set virtio console
 -show-cursor    show cursor
 -tb-size n      set TB size
 -incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4][,ipv6]
 -incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4][,ipv6]
 -incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
 -incoming fd:fd
 -incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
 -incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
 -nodefaults     don't create default devices
 -chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
 -runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
 -sandbox <arg>  Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
 -readconfig <file>
 -writeconfig <file>
                read/write config file
 -nodefconfig
                do not load default config files at startup
 -no-user-config
                do not load user-provided config files at startup
 -trace [events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
 -enable-fips    enable FIPS 140-2 compliance
 -msg timestamp[=on|off]
                change the format of messages
                on|off controls leading timestamps (default:on)
 -dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
 Generic object creation
 -object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

 During emulation, the following keys are useful:
 ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
 ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
 ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

 When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.
	QEMU emulator version 2.5.0 (Debian 1:2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.16), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
	usage: qemu-system-i386 [options] [disk_image]

	'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

	Standard options:
	-h or -help display this help and exit
	-version display version information and exit
	-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
	selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
	property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
	supported accelerators are kvm, xen, tcg (default: tcg)
	kernel_irqchip=on\|off controls accelerated irqchip support
	vmport=on\|off\|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
	kvm_shadow_mem=size of KVM shadow MMU
	dump-guest-core=on\|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
	mem-merge=on\|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
	iommu=on\|off controls emulated Intel IOMMU (VT-d) support (default=off)
	igd-passthru=on\|off controls IGD GFX passthrough support (default=off)
	aes-key-wrap=on\|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
	dea-key-wrap=on\|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
	suppress-vmdesc=on\|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
	-cpu cpu select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
	-smp [cpus=]n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]
	set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
	maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including
	offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
	cores= number of CPU cores on one socket
	threads= number of threads on one CPU core
	sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system
	-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]
	-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]
	-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
	Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
	-set group.id.arg=value
	set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
	i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
	-global driver.property=value
	-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
	set a global default for a driver property
	-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on\|off]
	[,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on\|off]
	'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
	'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
	'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
	'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
	-m[emory] [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
	configure guest RAM
	size: initial amount of guest memory
	slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
	maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
	NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
	-mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM
	-mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
	-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
	-audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options
	-soundhw c1,... enable audio support
	and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)
	use '-soundhw help' to get the list of supported cards
	use '-soundhw all' to enable all of them
	-balloon none disable balloon device
	-balloon virtio[,addr=str]
	enable virtio balloon device (default)
	-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
	add device (based on driver)
	prop=value,... sets driver properties
	use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
	use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
	-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on\|off]
	set the name of the guest
	string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux)
	When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name (on Linux)
	NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
	-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
	specify machine UUID

	Block device options:
	-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
	-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
	-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
	-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
	-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
	[,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on\|off]
	[,cache=writethrough\|writeback\|none\|directsync\|unsafe][,format=f]
	[,serial=s][,addr=A][,rerror=ignore\|stop\|report]
	[,werror=ignore\|stop\|report\|enospc][,id=name][,aio=threads\|native]
	[,readonly=on\|off][,copy-on-read=on\|off]
	[,discard=ignore\|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on\|off\|unmap]
	[[,bps=b]\|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
	[[,iops=i]\|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
	[[,bps_max=bm]\|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
	[[,iops_max=im]\|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
	[[,iops_size=is]]
	[[,group=g]]
	use 'file' as a drive image
	-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
	-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
	-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image
	-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files
	-hdachs c,h,s[,t]
	force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS
	translation (t=none or lba) (usually QEMU can guess them)
	-fsdev fsdriver,id=id[,path=path,][security_model={mapped-xattr\|mapped-file\|passthrough\|none}]
	[,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket\|sock_fd=sock_fd]
	-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=[mapped-xattr\|mapped-file\|passthrough\|none]
	[,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket\|sock_fd=sock_fd]
	-virtfs_synth Create synthetic file system image

	USB options:
	-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
	-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

	Display options:
	-display sdl[,frame=on\|off][,alt_grab=on\|off][,ctrl_grab=on\|off]
	[,window_close=on\|off]\|curses\|none\|
	gtk[,grab_on_hover=on\|off]\|
	vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
	select display type
	-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
	-curses use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL
	-no-frame open SDL window without a frame and window decorations
	-alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
	-ctrl-grab use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
	-no-quit disable SDL window close capability
	-sdl enable SDL
	-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
	[,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
	[,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
	[,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr][,ipv4\|ipv6\|unix]
	[,tls-ciphers=<list>]
	[,tls-channel=[main\|display\|cursor\|inputs\|record\|playback]]
	[,plaintext-channel=[main\|display\|cursor\|inputs\|record\|playback]]
	[,sasl][,password=<secret>][,disable-ticketing]
	[,image-compression=[auto_glz\|auto_lz\|quic\|glz\|lz\|off]]
	[,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto\|never\|always]]
	[,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto\|never\|always]]
	[,streaming-video=[off\|all\|filter]][,disable-copy-paste]
	[,disable-agent-file-xfer][,agent-mouse=[on\|off]]
	[,playback-compression=[on\|off]][,seamless-migration=[on\|off]]
	enable spice
	at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
	-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
	-rotate <deg> rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
	-vga [std\|cirrus\|vmware\|qxl\|xenfb\|tcx\|cg3\|virtio\|none]
	select video card type
	-full-screen start in full screen
	-vnc display start a VNC server on display

	1 target only:
	-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug
	-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks
	-no-acpi disable ACPI
	-no-hpet disable HPET
	-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data\|file}=file1[:file2]...]
	ACPI table description
	-smbios file=binary
	load SMBIOS entry from binary file
	-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]
	[,uefi=on\|off]
	specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
	-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
	[,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]
	specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
	-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
	[,asset=str][,location=str]
	specify SMBIOS type 2 fields
	-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]
	[,sku=str]
	specify SMBIOS type 3 fields
	-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
	[,asset=str][,part=str]
	specify SMBIOS type 4 fields
	-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]
	[,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]
	specify SMBIOS type 17 fields

	Network options:
	-netdev user,id=str[,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr][,restrict=on\|off]
	[,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr][,dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,tftp=dir]
	[,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
	configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
	its DHCP server and optional services
	-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
	[,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on\|off][,vhost=on\|off]
	[,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on\|off][,queues=n]
	configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
	use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
	to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
	to deconfigure it
	use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
	use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
	configure it
	use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
	use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
	use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
	default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
	use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
	use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
	use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
	(only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
	use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
	use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
	use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
	use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
	-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
	configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
	connected to a bridge (default=br0)
	using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
	-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
	[,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on/off][,udp=on/off]
	[,cookie64=on/off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
	[,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
	configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
	an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
	Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
	L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
	VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
	standard (RFC3391). Note - this implementation uses static
	pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
	use 'src=' to specify source address
	use 'dst=' to specify destination address
	use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
	use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
	use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
	use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
	L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
	well as a weak security measure
	use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
	use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
	use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
	use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
	use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
	use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
	-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
	configure a network backend to connect to another network
	using a socket connection
	-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
	configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
	use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
	-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
	configure a network backend to connect to another network
	using an UDP tunnel
	-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on\|off]
	configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
	-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n
	configure a hub port on QEMU VLAN 'n'
	-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
	old way to create a new NIC and connect it to VLAN 'n'
	(use the '-device devtype,netdev=str' option if possible instead)
	-net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n]
	dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet)
	-net none use it alone to have zero network devices. If no -net option
	is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'
	-net [user\|tap\|bridge\|socket][,vlan=n][,option][,option][,...]
	old way to initialize a host network interface
	(use the -netdev option if possible instead)

	Character device options:
	-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on\|off]
	-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay][,reconnect=seconds]
	[,server][,nowait][,telnet][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on\|off] (tcp)
	-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on\|off] (unix)
	-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
	[,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6][,mux=on\|off]
	-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on\|off]
	-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
	[,mux=on\|off]
	-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size]
	-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on\|off]
	-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on\|off]
	-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on\|off]
	-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on\|off][,signal=on\|off]
	-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on\|off]
	-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on\|off]
	-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on\|off]
	-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on\|off]
	-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on\|off]
	-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug]
	-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug]

	Device URL Syntax:
	-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
	[,header-digest=CRC32C\|CR32C-NONE\|NONE-CRC32C\|NONE
	[,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
	[,timeout=timeout]
	iSCSI session parameters
	Bluetooth(R) options:
	-bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands
	-bt hci,host[:id]
	use host's HCI with the given name
	-bt hci[,vlan=n]
	emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'
	-bt vhci[,vlan=n]
	add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI
	-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]
	emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'

	TPM device options:
	-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
	use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
	use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
	not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device

	Linux/Multiboot boot specific:
	-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
	-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
	-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk
	-dtb file use 'file' as device tree image

	Debug/Expert options:
	-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
	add named fw_cfg entry from file
	-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
	add named fw_cfg entry from string
	-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
	-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
	-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
	-qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
	-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
	-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline\|control][,default]
	-debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
	-pidfile file write PID to 'file'
	-singlestep always run in singlestep mode
	-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
	-realtime [mlock=on\|off]
	run qemu with realtime features
	mlock=on\|off controls mlock support (default: on)
	-gdb dev wait for gdb connection on 'dev'
	-s shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
	-d item1,... enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
	-D logfile output log to logfile (default stderr)
	-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
	-bios file set the filename for the BIOS
	-enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support
	-xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id
	-xen-create create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend
	warning: should not be used when xend is in use
	-xen-attach attach to existing xen domain
	xend will use this when starting QEMU
	-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting
	-no-shutdown stop before shutdown
	-loadvm [tag\|id]
	start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
	-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing
	-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
	-rtc [base=utc\|localtime\|date][,clock=host\|rt\|vm][,driftfix=none\|slew]
	set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
	-icount [shift=N\|auto][,align=on\|off][,sleep=no,rr=record\|replay,rrfile=<filename>]
	enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
	instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
	or disable real time cpu sleeping
	-watchdog model
	enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none]
	-watchdog-action reset\|shutdown\|poweroff\|pause\|debug\|none
	action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
	-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
	-virtioconsole c
	set virtio console
	-show-cursor show cursor
	-tb-size n set TB size
	-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4][,ipv6]
	-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4][,ipv6]
	-incoming unix:socketpath
	prepare for incoming migration, listen on
	specified protocol and socket address
	-incoming fd:fd
	-incoming exec:cmdline
	accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
	or from given external command
	-incoming defer
	wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
	-nodefaults don't create default devices
	-chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM
	-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM
	-sandbox <arg> Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
	-readconfig <file>
	-writeconfig <file>
	read/write config file
	-nodefconfig
	do not load default config files at startup
	-no-user-config
	do not load user-provided config files at startup
	-trace [events=<file>][,file=<file>]
	specify tracing options
	-enable-fips enable FIPS 140-2 compliance
	-msg timestamp[=on\|off]
	change the format of messages
	on\|off controls leading timestamps (default:on)
	-dump-vmstate <file>
	Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
	Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
	check for possible regressions in migration code
	by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
	Generic object creation
	-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
	create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
	in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id'
	property must be set. These objects are placed in the
	'/objects' path.

	During emulation, the following keys are useful:
	ctrl-alt-f toggle full screen
	ctrl-alt-n switch to virtual console 'n'
	ctrl-alt toggle mouse and keyboard grab

	When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.