🐞(n)

initial.js

function trySubmit() {
  // Section 1
  let spinner = createSpinner();
  formStatus.appendChild(spinner);
  submitForm().then(() => {
  	// Section 2
    formStatus.removeChild(spinner);
    let successMessage = createSuccessMessage();
    formStatus.appendChild(successMessage);
  }).catch(error => {
  	// Section 3
    formStatus.removeChild(spinner);
    let errorMessage = createErrorMessage(error);
    let retryButton = createRetryButton();
    formStatus.appendChild(errorMessage);
    formStatus.appendChild(retryButton)
    retryButton.addEventListener('click', function() {
      // Section 4
      formStatus.removeChild(errorMessage);
      formStatus.removeChild(retryButton);
      trySubmit();
    });
  })
}

react.js

function FormStatus() {
  let [state, setState] = useState({
    step: 'initial'
  });

  function handleSubmit(e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    if (state.step === 'pending') {
      // Don't allow to submit twice
      return;
    }
    setState({ step: 'pending' });
    submitForm().then(() => {
      setState({ step: 'success' });
    }).catch(error => {
      setState({ step: 'error', error });
    });
  }

  let content;
  switch (state.step) {
    case 'pending':
      content = <Spinner />;
      break;
    case 'success':
      content = <SuccessMessage />;
      break;
    case 'error':
      content = (
        <>
          <ErrorMessage error={state.error} />
          <RetryButton onClick={handleSubmit} />
        </>
      );
      break;
  }

  return (
    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
      {content}
    </form>
  );
}

refactored.js

let currentState = {
  step: 'initial', // 'initial' | 'pending' | 'success' | 'error'
};

function trySubmit() {
  if (currentState.step === 'pending') {
    // Don't allow to submit twice
    return;
  }
  setState({ step: 'pending' });
  submitForm().then(() => {
    setState({ step: 'success' });
  }).catch(error => {
    setState({ step: 'error', error });
  });
}

function setState(nextState) {
  // Clear all existing children
  formStatus.innerHTML = '';

  currentState = nextState;
  switch (nextState.step) {
    case 'initial':
      break;
    case 'pending':
      formStatus.appendChild(spinner);
      break;
    case 'success':
      let successMessage = createSuccessMessage();
      formStatus.appendChild(successMessage);
      break;
    case 'error':
      let errorMessage = createErrorMessage(nextState.error);
      let retryButton = createRetryButton();
      formStatus.appendChild(errorMessage);
      formStatus.appendChild(retryButton);
      retryButton.addEventListener('click', trySubmit);
      break;
  }
}