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Created January 9, 2018 14:54
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Modified version of elsarticle-num-names.bst for sorting alphabetically by first author as required by Information Sciences as of Jan 2018
%% Modified version of elsarticle-num-names.bst for alphabetical sorting by Felix Last <[email protected]>
%% Modifications marked with %%MODFL2018
%%
%% Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009 Elsevier Ltd
%%
%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
%% ---------------------------------------------
%%
%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
%% later version. The latest version of this license is in
%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
%%
%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
%%
%%
%% This is file `elsearticle-num-names.bst',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% merlin.mbs (with options: `head,exlang,ay,nat,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,dt-jnl,dt-end,atit-u,jttl-rm,vnum-sp,volp-blk,jdt-p,pp-last,num-xser,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,bkpg-x,isbn,issn,doi,edpar,bkedcap,blk-com,in-col,english,ppx,ed,abr,xedn,varand,xand,url,url-blk,bibinfo,nfss,,{}')
%% english.mbs (with options: `exlang,ay,nat,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,dt-jnl,dt-end,atit-u,jttl-rm,vnum-sp,volp-blk,jdt-p,pp-last,num-xser,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,bkpg-x,isbn,issn,doi,edpar,bkedcap,blk-com,in-col,english,ppx,ed,abr,xedn,varand,xand,url,url-blk,bibinfo,nfss,,{}')
%% merlin.mbs (with options: `tail,exlang,ay,nat,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,dt-jnl,dt-end,atit-u,jttl-rm,vnum-sp,volp-blk,jdt-p,pp-last,num-xser,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,bkpg-x,isbn,issn,doi,edpar,bkedcap,blk-com,in-col,english,ppx,ed,abr,xedn,varand,xand,url,url-blk,bibinfo,nfss,,{}')
%% ----------------------------------------
%% *** Journal of Sound and Vibration ***
%%
%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
% ===============================================================
% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
% This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
% more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
%
% This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
% of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
% archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
% version 1 of the License, or any later version.
% ===============================================================
% Name and version information of the main mbs file:
% \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2004/02/09 4.13 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
% For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
ENTRY
{ address
author
booktitle
chapter
doi
edition
editor
eid
howpublished
institution
isbn
issn
journal
key
month
note
number
organization
pages
publisher
school
series
title
type
url
volume
year
}
{}
{ label extra.label sort.label short.list }
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
#1 'mid.sentence :=
#2 'after.sentence :=
#3 'after.block :=
}
STRINGS { s t}
FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
{ ", " * write$ }
{ output.state after.block =
{ add.period$ write$
newline$
"\newblock " write$
}
{ output.state before.all =
'write$
{ add.period$ " " * write$ }
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}
FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
'output.nonnull
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull
if$
}
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
write$
newline$
}
FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.block 'output.state := }
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
'skip$
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.sentence 'output.state := }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {add.blank}
{ " " * before.all 'output.state :=
}
FUNCTION {date.block}
{
skip$
}
FUNCTION {not}
{ { #0 }
{ #1 }
if$
}
FUNCTION {and}
{ 'skip$
{ pop$ #0 }
if$
}
FUNCTION {or}
{ { pop$ #1 }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
swap$ empty$
and
'skip$
'new.block
if$
}
FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
{ "~" }
{ " " }
if$
swap$
}
FUNCTION {capitalize}
{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
FUNCTION {space.word}
{ " " swap$ * " " * }
% Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
% Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% Begin module:
% \ProvidesFile{english.mbs}[2003/11/06 4.2 (PWD)]
% The language selected here is ENGLISH
FUNCTION {bbl.and}
{ "and"}
FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
{ "et~al." }
FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
{ "eds." }
FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
{ "ed." }
FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
{ "edited by" }
FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
{ "edn." }
FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
{ "vol." }
FUNCTION {bbl.of}
{ "of" }
FUNCTION {bbl.number}
{ "no." }
FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
{ "no." }
FUNCTION {bbl.in}
{ "in" }
FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
{ "" }
FUNCTION {bbl.page}
{ "" }
FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
{ "chap." }
FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
{ "Tech. Rep." }
FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
{ "Master's thesis" }
FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
MACRO {may} {"May"}
MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
% End module: english.mbs
%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}
MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}
MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}
MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}
MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}
MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}
MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}
MACRO {ieeetcad}
{"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}
MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}
MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}
MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}
MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}
MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}
MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}
MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}
MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}
MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}
MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}
MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
{ swap$
duplicate$ missing$
{
pop$ pop$
""
}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{
swap$ pop$
}
{ swap$
"\bibinfo{" swap$ * "}{" * swap$ * "}" *
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
{ swap$
duplicate$ missing$
{
swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
""
}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{
swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
}
{ swap$
"\bibinfo{" swap$ * "}{" * swap$ * "}" *
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.url}
{ url empty$
{ "" }
{ "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }
if$
}
STRINGS { bibinfo}
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 'bibinfo :=
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
's :=
"" 't :=
#1 'nameptr :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr
"{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}"
format.name$
bibinfo bibinfo.check
't :=
nameptr #1 >
{
namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{
"," *
s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
{ 't := }
{ pop$ }
if$
t "others" =
{
" " * bbl.etal *
}
{ " " * t * }
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
} if$
}
FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
{
format.names
}
FUNCTION {format.key}
{ empty$
{ key field.or.null }
{ "" }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author "author" format.names
}
FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
" " *
get.bbl.editor
capitalize
"(" swap$ * ")" *
*
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.isbn}
{ isbn "isbn" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
"ISBN " swap$ *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.issn}
{ issn "issn" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
"ISSN " swap$ *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.doi}
{ doi "doi" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
"\doi{" swap$ * "}" *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.note}
{
note empty$
{ "" }
{ note #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "{" =
'skip$
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ "l" }
{ "u" }
if$
change.case$
}
if$
note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title
"title" bibinfo.check
}
FUNCTION {format.full.names}
{'s :=
"" 't :=
#1 'nameptr :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr
"{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
't :=
nameptr #1 >
{
namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{
s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
{ 't := }
{ pop$ }
if$
t "others" =
{
" " * bbl.etal *
}
{
numnames #2 >
{ "," * }
'skip$
if$
bbl.and
space.word * t *
}
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ editor format.full.names }
if$
}
{ author format.full.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.key.full}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ author format.full.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.key.full}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ editor format.full.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {make.full.names}
{ type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.key.full
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.key.full
'author.key.full
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
"\bibitem[{" write$
label write$
")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =
{ pop$ }
{ * }
if$
"}]{" * write$
cite$ write$
"}" write$
newline$
""
before.all 'output.state :=
}
FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{
't :=
""
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
{ "--" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
{ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
{ "-" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
if$
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {word.in}
{ bbl.in
":" *
" " * }
FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
{
"empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$
pop$ "????"
}
'skip$
if$
extra.label *
}
FUNCTION{format.year}
{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
{ "empty year in " cite$ *
"; set to ????" *
warning$
pop$ "????"
}
{
}
if$
extra.label *
"(" swap$ * ")" *
}
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title "title" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
'pop$
{ "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
{ "" }
{ bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
"volume" bibinfo.check * *
series "series" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
{ swap$ bbl.of space.word * swap$
emphasize * }
if$
"volume and number" number either.or.check
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
{ number empty$
{ series field.or.null }
{ series empty$
{ number "number" bibinfo.check }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ bbl.number }
{ bbl.number capitalize }
if$
number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
bbl.in space.word *
series "series" bibinfo.check *
}
if$
}
if$
}
{ "" }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
output.state mid.sentence =
{ "l" }
{ "t" }
if$ change.case$
"edition" bibinfo.check
" " * bbl.edition *
}
if$
}
INTEGERS { multiresult }
FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
#0 'multiresult :=
{ multiresult not
t empty$ not
and
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "-" =
swap$ duplicate$ "," =
swap$ "+" =
or or
{ #1 'multiresult := }
{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
if$
}
while$
multiresult
}
FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ duplicate$ multi.page.check
{
n.dashify
}
{
}
if$
"pages" bibinfo.check
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
{ swap$ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ pop$ format.pages }
{
" " *
format.year * " " *
swap$
n.dashify
"pages" bibinfo.check
*
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
{ swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
" " *
}
if$
swap$ *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
"volume" bibinfo.check
}
if$
number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
swap$ duplicate$ empty$
{ "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
swap$
"~(" swap$ * ")" *
}
if$ *
}
FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
{ "" }
{ type empty$
{ bbl.chapter }
{ type "l" change.case$
"type" bibinfo.check
}
if$
chapter tie.or.space.prefix
"chapter" bibinfo.check
* *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
{
booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
}
FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{
editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
{
" " *
get.bbl.editor
capitalize
"(" swap$ * "), " *
* swap$
* }
if$
word.in swap$ *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
{ swap$ pop$
"t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ number "number" bibinfo.check
type duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ bbl.techrep }
'skip$
if$
"type" bibinfo.check
swap$ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "t" change.case$ }
{ tie.or.space.prefix * * }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{
word.in
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume duplicate$ empty$
{ "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
pop$ word.in
}
{ bbl.volume
swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
}
if$
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{
word.in
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
{ 't :=
""
address empty$ t empty$ and
'skip$
{
t empty$
{ address "address" bibinfo.check *
}
{ t *
address empty$
'skip$
{ ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
}
FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
}
FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output
format.title "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{
journal
"journal" bibinfo.check
"journal" output.check
add.blank
format.vol.num.pages output
}
{ format.article.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
eid empty$
{ format.journal.pages }
{ format.journal.eid }
if$
format.issn output
format.doi output
format.url output
format.note output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
editor format.key output
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
format.btitle "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
format.publisher.address output
}
{
format.book.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
format.edition output
format.isbn output
format.doi output
format.url output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
author format.key output
format.title "title" output.check
howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.isbn output
format.doi output
format.url output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
editor format.key output
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
format.btitle "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{
format.bvolume output
format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
format.number.series output
format.publisher.address output
}
{
format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
format.book.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
format.edition output
crossref missing$
{ format.isbn output }
'skip$
if$
format.pages "pages" output.check
format.doi output
format.url output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output
format.title "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
format.chapter.pages output
format.publisher.address output
format.edition output
format.isbn output
}
{ format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
format.chapter.pages output
}
if$
format.pages "pages" output.check
format.doi output
format.url output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output
format.title "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
publisher empty$
{ format.organization.address output }
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
format.publisher.address output
}
if$
format.isbn output
format.issn output
}
{ format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
format.pages "pages" output.check
format.doi output
format.url output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
author format.key output
format.btitle "title" output.check
organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.edition output
format.doi output
format.url output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output
format.btitle
"title" output.check
bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
school "school" bibinfo.warn output
address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.doi output
format.url output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
author format.key output
format.title output
howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
format.doi output
format.url output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output
format.btitle
"title" output.check
bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
school "school" bibinfo.warn output
address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.doi output
format.url output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
format.editors output
editor format.key output
format.btitle "title" output.check
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
publisher empty$
{ format.organization.address output }
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
format.publisher.address output
}
if$
format.isbn output
format.issn output
format.doi output
format.url output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output
format.title
"title" output.check
format.tr.number output.nonnull
institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.doi output
format.url output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output
format.title "title" output.check
format.doi output
format.url output
format.note "note" output.check
format.date output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
READ
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
"l" change.case$
}
INTEGERS { len }
FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
'len :=
s #1 len substring$ =
{ s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
's
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
"" 't :=
s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
s num.names$ duplicate$
#2 >
{ pop$
" " * bbl.etal *
}
{ #2 <
'skip$
{ s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
{
" " * bbl.etal *
}
{ bbl.and space.word * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
* }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
{ type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.key.label
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.key.label
'author.key.label
if$
}
if$
'short.list :=
}
FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ calc.short.authors
short.list
"("
*
year duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "????" }
{ purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ }
if$
*
'label :=
}
FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
""
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr
"{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}"
format.name$ 't :=
nameptr #1 >
{
" " *
namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
{ "zzzzz" * }
{ t sortify * }
if$
}
{ t sortify * }
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
"A " #2
"An " #3
"The " #4 t chop.word
chop.word
chop.word
sortify
#1 global.max$ substring$
}
FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.sort}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
INTEGERS { seq.num }
FUNCTION {init.seq}
{ #0 'seq.num :=}
EXECUTE {init.seq}
FUNCTION {int.to.fix}
{ "000000000" swap$ int.to.str$ *
#-1 #10 substring$
}
%%MODFL2018
FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label
label sortify
" "
*
type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.sort
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.sort
'author.sort
if$
}
if$
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.label :=
sort.label
*
" "
*
title field.or.null
sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
}
%%END MODFL2018
ITERATE {presort}
SORT
STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label }
FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
"" 'next.extra :=
#0 'last.extra.num :=
#0 'number.label :=
}
FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.label label =
{ last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
}
{ "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
"" 'extra.label :=
label 'last.label :=
}
if$
number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
}
FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
{ "a" 'extra.label := }
'skip$
if$
extra.label 'next.extra :=
extra.label
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
if$
'extra.label :=
label extra.label * 'label :=
}
EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
ITERATE {forward.pass}
REVERSE {reverse.pass}
FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ sort.label
" "
*
year field.or.null sortify
*
" "
*
title field.or.null
sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
SORT
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
'skip$
{ preamble$ write$ newline$ }
if$
"\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}"
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}"
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
write$ newline$
"\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
write$ newline$
" \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
write$ newline$
" \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\url{#1}\endgroup}\fi"
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}"
write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}
EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
ITERATE {call.type$}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
"\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {end.bib}
%% End of customized bst file
%%
%%
%% End of file `elsarticle-num-names.bst'.
@srevandro
Copy link

Dear @felix-last,

First, thanks for your work and for making this template available. I have merged your code with the last Elsevier templates (2024) (https://www.elsevier.com/pt-br/researcher/author/policies-and-guidelines/latex-instructions). The modifications were done at the end of the code, just compare it with the orginal one from Elsevier website (use WinMerge).

At least here it works, but if you could check and do any updates and make it available for other friends, I really appreciate it. Thanks.

%%
%% This is file `elsarticle-num.bst' (Version 2.1),
%% Modified version of elsarticle-num.bst for alphabetical sorting with additional funtions from Felix Last [email protected]
%% Copyright 2007-2024 Elsevier Ltd
%%
%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
%% ---------------------------------------------
%%
%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
%% License, either version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any
%% later version. The latest version of this license is in
%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
%%
%%
%% $Id: elsarticle-num.bst 254 2024-04-06 10:58:22Z rishi $
%%
%% $URL: https://lenova.river-valley.com/svn/elsarticle/trunk/elsarticle-num.bst $
%%
%% ----------------------------------------

ENTRY
{ address
author
booktitle
chapter
edition
editor
howpublished
institution
journal
key
month
note
number
organization
pages
publisher
school
series
title
type
volume
year
eprint % urlbst
doi % urlbst
url % urlbst
lastchecked % urlbst
}
{}
%{ label }
{ label extra.label sort.label short.list }
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

STRINGS { urlintro eprinturl eprintprefix doiprefix doiurl openinlinelink closeinlinelink } % urlbst...
INTEGERS { hrefform inlinelinks makeinlinelink addeprints adddoiresolver }
FUNCTION {init.urlbst.variables}
{
"Available from: " 'urlintro := % prefix before URL
"http://arxiv.org/abs/" 'eprinturl := % prefix to make URL from eprint ref
"arXiv:" 'eprintprefix := % text prefix printed before eprint ref
"https://doi.org/" 'doiurl := % prefix to make URL from DOI
"doi:" 'doiprefix := % text prefix printed before DOI ref
#1 'addeprints := % 0=no eprints; 1=include eprints
#1 'adddoiresolver := % 0=no DOI resolver; 1=include it
#2 'hrefform := % 0=no crossrefs; 1=hypertex xrefs; 2=hyperref refs
#1 'inlinelinks := % 0=URLs explicit; 1=URLs attached to titles
% the following are internal state variables, not config constants
#0 'makeinlinelink := % state variable managed by setup.inlinelink
"" 'openinlinelink := % ditto
"" 'closeinlinelink := % ditto
}
INTEGERS {
bracket.state
outside.brackets
open.brackets
within.brackets
close.brackets
}
FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'outside.brackets := % urlbst
#1 'open.brackets :=
#2 'within.brackets :=
#3 'close.brackets :=

#0 'before.all :=
#1 'mid.sentence :=
#2 'after.sentence :=
#3 'after.block :=
}

STRINGS { s t }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull.original}
{ 's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
{ ", " * write$ }
{ output.state after.block =
{ add.period$ write$
newline$
"\newblock " write$
}
{ output.state before.all =
'write$
{ add.period$ " " * write$ }
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}

FUNCTION {setup.inlinelink}
{ makeinlinelink
{ hrefform #1 = % hypertex
{ "\special {html: }{" * 'openinlinelink :=
"\special {html:
}" 'closeinlinelink :=
}
{ hrefform #2 = % hyperref
{ "\href{" url * "}{" * 'openinlinelink :=
"}" 'closeinlinelink :=
}
'skip$
if$ % hrefform #2 =
}
if$ % hrefform #1 =
#0 'makeinlinelink :=
}
'skip$
if$ % makeinlinelink
}
FUNCTION {add.inlinelink}
{ openinlinelink empty$
'skip$
{ openinlinelink swap$ * closeinlinelink *
"" 'openinlinelink :=
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ % Save the thing we've been asked to output
's :=
% If the bracket-state is close.brackets, then add a close-bracket to
% what is currently at the top of the stack, and set bracket.state
% to outside.brackets
bracket.state close.brackets =
{ "]" *
outside.brackets 'bracket.state :=
}
'skip$
if$
bracket.state outside.brackets =
{ % We're outside all brackets -- this is the normal situation.
% Write out what's currently at the top of the stack, using the
% original output.nonnull function.
s
add.inlinelink
output.nonnull.original % invoke the original output.nonnull
}
{ % Still in brackets. Add open-bracket or (continuation) comma, add the
% new text (in s) to the top of the stack, and move to the close-brackets
% state, ready for next time (unless inbrackets resets it). If we come
% into this branch, then output.state is carefully undisturbed.
bracket.state open.brackets =
{ " [" * }
{ ", " * } % bracket.state will be within.brackets
if$
s *
close.brackets 'bracket.state :=
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {inbrackets}
{ bracket.state close.brackets =
{ within.brackets 'bracket.state := } % reset the state: not open nor closed
{ open.brackets 'bracket.state := }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.lastchecked}
{ lastchecked empty$
{ "" }
{ inbrackets "cited " lastchecked * }
if$
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
'output.nonnull
if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull
if$
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry.original}
{ add.period$
write$
newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.block 'output.state := }
if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
'skip$
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.sentence 'output.state := }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {add.blank}
{ " " * before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {date.block}
{
add.blank
}

FUNCTION {not}
{ { #0 }
{ #1 }
if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{ 'skip$
{ pop$ #0 }
if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{ { pop$ #1 }
'skip$
if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
'skip$
'new.block
if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
swap$ empty$
and
'skip$
'new.block
if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
'skip$
'new.sentence
if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
swap$ empty$
and
'skip$
'new.sentence
if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
'skip$
if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ skip$ }

FUNCTION {capitalize}
{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }

FUNCTION {space.word}
{ " " swap$ * " " * }

% Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
% Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
% The language selected here is ENGLISH
FUNCTION {bbl.and}
{ "and"}

FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
{ "et~al." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
{ "Eds." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
{ "Ed." }

FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
{ "edited by" }

FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
{ "Edition" }

FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
{ "Vol." }

FUNCTION {bbl.of}
{ "of" }

FUNCTION {bbl.number}
{ "no." }

FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
{ "no." }

FUNCTION {bbl.in}
{ "in" }

FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
{ "pp." }

FUNCTION {bbl.page}
{ "p." }

FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
{ "Ch." }

FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
{ "Tech. Rep." }

FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
{ "Master's thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
{ "Ph.D. thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.first}
{ "1st" }

FUNCTION {bbl.second}
{ "2nd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.third}
{ "3rd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
{ "4th" }

FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
{ "5th" }

FUNCTION {bbl.st}
{ "st" }

FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
{ "nd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
{ "rd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.th}
{ "th" }

MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}

MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}

MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}

MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}

MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}

MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}

MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}

MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}

MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}

MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}

FUNCTION {eng.ord}
{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
#-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
{ bbl.th * }
{ duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "1" =
{ pop$ bbl.st * }
{ duplicate$ "2" =
{ pop$ bbl.nd * }
{ "3" =
{ bbl.rd * }
{ bbl.th * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}

MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
{"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integrated Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}

MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}

MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Gr."}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Prog. Lang. Syst."}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Comput. Sci."}

FUNCTION {write.url}
{ url empty$
{ skip$ }
{ "\newline\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * write$ newline$ }
if$
}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr
"{f.}{vv}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$
't :=
nameptr #1 >
{
namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{
"," *
s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
{ 't := }
{ pop$ }
if$
t "others" =
{
" " * bbl.etal *
}
{ " " * t * }
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
{ format.names }
FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
{ "" }
{ author format.names }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
{ "" }
{ editor format.names
editor num.names$ #1 >
{ " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }
{ " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.editors}
{ editor empty$
{ "" }
{ editor format.names.ed
editor num.names$ #1 >
{ " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }
{ " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.note}
{
note empty$
{ "" }
{ note #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "{" =
'skip$
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ "l" }
{ "u" }
if$
change.case$
}
if$
note #2 global.max$ substring$ *
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
{ "" }
{ title "t" change.case$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem.original}
{ newline$
"\bibitem{" write$
cite$ write$
"}" write$
newline$
""
before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{
't :=
""
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
{ "--" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
{ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
{ "-" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
if$
}
while$
}

FUNCTION {word.in}
{ bbl.in
":" *
" " * }

FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year empty$
{ month empty$
{ "" }
{ "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
month
}
if$
}
{ month empty$
'year
{ month " " * year * }
if$
}
if$
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{
before.all 'output.state :=
" (" swap$ * ")" *
}
if$
}

FUNCTION{format.year}
{ year duplicate$ empty$
{ "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ pop$ "" }
{ "(" swap$ * ")" * }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
{ "~" }
{ " " }
if$
swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
'pop$
{ "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
{ "" }
{ bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
series empty$
'skip$
{ bbl.of space.word * series emphasize * }
if$
"volume and number" number either.or.check
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
{ number empty$
{ series field.or.null }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ bbl.number }
{ bbl.number capitalize }
if$
number tie.or.space.connect
series empty$
{ "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ bbl.in space.word * series * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ "" }
if$
}

FUNCTION {is.num}
{ chr.to.int$
duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
}

FUNCTION {extract.num}
{ duplicate$ 't :=
"" 's :=
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
duplicate$ is.num
{ s swap$ * 's := }
{ pop$ "" 't := }
if$
}
while$
s empty$
'skip$
{ pop$ s }
if$
}

FUNCTION {convert.edition}
{ edition extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
s "first" = s "1" = or
{ bbl.first 't := }
{ s "second" = s "2" = or
{ bbl.second 't := }
{ s "third" = s "3" = or
{ bbl.third 't := }
{ s "fourth" = s "4" = or
{ bbl.fourth 't := }
{ s "fifth" = s "5" = or
{ bbl.fifth 't := }
{ s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
{ s eng.ord 't := }
{ edition 't := }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
t
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
{ "" }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ convert.edition "l" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
{ convert.edition "t" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
if$
}
if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
#0 'multiresult :=
{ multiresult not
t empty$ not
and
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "-" =
swap$ duplicate$ "," =
swap$ "+" =
or or
{ #1 'multiresult := }
{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
if$
}
while$
multiresult
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
{ "" }
{ pages multi.page.check
{ bbl.pages pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
{ bbl.page pages tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
{ pages empty$
'skip$
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ format.pages }
{
" " *
format.year * " " *
pages n.dashify *
}
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{
% volume field.or.null
" "
volume empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ volume * }
if$
number empty$
'skip$
{
"~(" number * ")" * *
volume empty$
{ "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
{ "" }
{ type empty$
{ bbl.chapter }
{ type "l" change.case$ }
if$
chapter tie.or.space.connect
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
{ "" }
{ editor empty$
{ word.in booktitle * }
{ word.in format.in.editors * ", " *
booktitle * }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
and and and and and
{ "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
'skip$
{ pop$
type "t" change.case$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
{ bbl.techrep }
'type
if$
number empty$
{ "t" change.case$ }
{ number tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{
key empty$
{ journal empty$
{ "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
warning$
""
}
{ word.in journal emphasize * }
if$
}
{ word.in key * " " *}
if$
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
editor num.names$ duplicate$
#2 >
{ pop$
" " * bbl.etal *
}
{ #2 <
'skip$
{ editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
{
" " * bbl.etal *
}
{ bbl.and space.word * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
* }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
{ "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
word.in
}
{ bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
bbl.of space.word *
}
if$
editor empty$
editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
or
{ key empty$
{ series empty$
{ "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
crossref * warning$
"" *
}
{ series emphasize * }
if$
}
{ key * }
if$
}
{ format.crossref.editor * }
if$
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{
editor empty$
editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
or
{ key empty$
{ booktitle empty$
{ "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
crossref * warning$
""
}
{ word.in booktitle * }
if$
}
{ word.in key * " " *}
if$
}
{ word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
if$
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
{ 't :=
""
year empty$
{ "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
address empty$ t empty$ and
year empty$ and
'skip$
{
t empty$
{ address empty$
'skip$
{ address * }
if$
}
{ t *
address empty$
'skip$
{ ", " * address * }
if$
}
if$
year empty$
'skip$
{ t empty$ address empty$ and
'skip$
{ ", " * }
if$
year *
}
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
{ publisher empty$
{ "empty publisher in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ publisher }
if$
format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
{ organization empty$
{ "" }
{ organization }
if$
format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {make.href.null}
{
pop$
}
FUNCTION {make.href.hypertex}
{
"\special {html: }" * swap$ *
"\special {html:
}" *
}
FUNCTION {make.href.hyperref}
{
"\href {" swap$ * "} {\path{" * swap$ * "}}" *
}
FUNCTION {make.href}
{ hrefform #2 =
'make.href.hyperref % hrefform = 2
{ hrefform #1 =
'make.href.hypertex % hrefform = 1
'make.href.null % hrefform = 0 (or anything else)
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.url}
{ inlinelinks #1 = url empty$ or
{ "" }
{ hrefform #1 =
{ % special case -- add HyperTeX specials
urlintro "\url{" url * "}" * url make.href.hypertex * }
{ urlintro "\url{" * url * "}" * }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.eprint}
{ eprint empty$
{ "" }
{ eprintprefix eprint * eprinturl eprint * make.href }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.doi}
{ doi empty$
{ "" }
{ doiprefix doi * doiurl doi * make.href }
if$
}

FUNCTION {output.url}
{ url empty$
'skip$
{ new.block
format.url output
format.lastchecked output
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {output.web.refs}
{
new.block
output.url
addeprints eprint empty$ not and
{ format.eprint output.nonnull }
'skip$
if$
adddoiresolver doi empty$ not and
{ format.doi output.nonnull }
'skip$
if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ outside.brackets 'bracket.state :=
output.bibitem.original
inlinelinks url empty$ not and
{ #1 'makeinlinelink := }
{ #0 'makeinlinelink := }
if$
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ output.web.refs % urlbst
makeinlinelink % ooops, it appears we didn't have a title for inlinelink
{ setup.inlinelink % add some artificial link text here, as a fallback
"[link]" output.nonnull }
'skip$
if$
bracket.state close.brackets = % urlbst
{ "]" * }
'skip$
if$
fin.entry.original
}

FUNCTION {webpage}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ editor empty$
'skip$ % author and editor both optional
{ format.editors output.nonnull }
if$
}
{ editor empty$
{ format.authors output.nonnull }
{ "can't use both author and editor fields in " cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}
if$
new.block
title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$
format.title "title" output.check
inbrackets "online" output
new.block
year empty$
'skip$
{ format.date "year" output.check }
if$
% We don't need to output the URL details ('lastchecked' and 'url'),
% because fin.entry does that for us, using output.web.refs. The only
% reason we would want to put them here is if we were to decide that
% they should go in front of the rather miscellaneous information in 'note'.
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
format.title "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ journal
"journal" output.check
% add.blank
before.all 'output.state :=
format.vol.num.pages output
}
{ format.article.crossref output.nonnull
format.pages output
}
if$
format.journal.pages
format.note output
pages empty$
{ format.date "year" output.check }
'skip$
if$
fin.entry
write.url
}

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
format.btitle "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ format.edition output
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
format.publisher.address output
}
{
format.book.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
format.note output
fin.entry
write.url
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
format.title "title" output.check
howpublished output
address output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
write.url
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
format.btitle "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{
format.edition output
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
format.publisher.address output
format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
}
{
format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
format.book.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
format.pages "pages" output.check
format.note output
fin.entry
write.url
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
format.title "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
format.edition output
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
format.publisher.address output
format.chapter.pages output
}
{ format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
format.chapter.pages output
}
if$
format.pages "pages" output.check
format.note output
fin.entry
write.url
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
format.title "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
format.edition output
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
publisher empty$
{ format.organization.address output }
{ organization output
format.publisher.address output
}
if$
}
{ format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
format.pages "pages" output.check
format.note output
fin.entry
write.url
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }

FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ organization empty$
'skip$
{ organization output.nonnull
address output
}
if$
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull }
if$
title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
format.btitle "title" output.check
author empty$
{ organization empty$
{
address output
}
'skip$
if$
}
{
organization output
address output
}
if$
format.edition output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
write.url
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
format.title "title" output.check
bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
school "school" output.check
address output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
write.url
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
format.title output
howpublished output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
write.url
empty.misc.check
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
format.title "title" output.check
bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
school "school" output.check
address output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
write.url
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
editor empty$
{ organization output }
{ format.editors output.nonnull }
if$
title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
format.btitle "title" output.check
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
editor empty$
{ publisher empty$
'skip$
{
format.publisher.address output
}
if$
}
{ publisher empty$
{
format.organization.address output }
{
organization output
format.publisher.address output
}
if$
}
if$
format.note output
fin.entry
write.url
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
format.title "title" output.check
format.tr.number output.nonnull
institution "institution" output.check
address output
format.note output
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
write.url
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
format.title "title" output.check
format.note "note" output.check
format.date "year" output.check
fin.entry
write.url
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

READ
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
"l" change.case$
}
INTEGERS { len }
FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
'len :=
s #1 len substring$ =
{ s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
's
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
"" 't :=
s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
s num.names$ duplicate$
#2 >
{ pop$
" " * bbl.etal *
}
{ #2 <
'skip$
{ s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
{
" " * bbl.etal *
}
{ bbl.and space.word * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
* }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
{ type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.key.label
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.key.label
'author.key.label
if$
}
if$
'short.list :=
}

FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ calc.short.authors
short.list
"("
*
year duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "????" }
{ purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ }
if$
*
'label :=
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
""
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr
"{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}"
format.name$ 't :=
nameptr #1 >
{
" " *
namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
{ "zzzzz" * }
{ t sortify * }
if$
}
{ t sortify * }
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
"A " #2
"An " #3
"The " #4 t chop.word
chop.word
chop.word
sortify
#1 global.max$ substring$
}
FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.sort}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
INTEGERS { seq.num }
FUNCTION {init.seq}
{ #0 'seq.num :=}
EXECUTE {init.seq}
FUNCTION {int.to.fix}
{ "000000000" swap$ int.to.str$ *
#-1 #10 substring$
}

%%MODFL2018
FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label
label sortify
" "
*
type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.sort
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.sort
'author.sort
if$
}
if$
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.label :=
sort.label
*
" "
*
title field.or.null
sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
}
%%END MODFL2018

ITERATE {presort}
SORT
STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label }
FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
"" 'next.extra :=
#0 'last.extra.num :=
#0 'number.label :=
}
FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.label label =
{ last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
}
{ "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
"" 'extra.label :=
label 'last.label :=
}
if$
number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
}
FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
{ "a" 'extra.label := }
'skip$
if$
extra.label 'next.extra :=
extra.label
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
if$
'extra.label :=
label extra.label * 'label :=
}
EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
ITERATE {forward.pass}
REVERSE {reverse.pass}
FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ sort.label
" "
*
year field.or.null sortify
*
" "
*
title field.or.null
sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
SORT

FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
'skip$
{ preamble$ write$ newline$ }
if$
"\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}"
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}"
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
write$ newline$
"\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
write$ newline$
" \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
write$ newline$
" \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\url{#1}\endgroup}\fi"
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}"
write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.urlbst.variables}
EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
"\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}
%% End of customized bst file
%%
%% End of file `elsarticle-num.bst'.

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