readme.txt

    "autoload": {
        "classmap": [
            "database"
        ],
        "psr-4": {
            "App\\": "app/",
            "Bootstrap\\" : "bootstrap/"
        }
    },

app.php

<?php

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Create The Application
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| The first thing we will do is create a new Laravel application instance
| which serves as the "glue" for all the components of Laravel, and is
| the IoC container for the system binding all of the various parts.
|
*/

$app = new Bootstrap\Application(
    realpath(__DIR__.'/../')
);

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Bind Important Interfaces
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Next, we need to bind some important interfaces into the container so
| we will be able to resolve them when needed. The kernels serve the
| incoming requests to this application from both the web and CLI.
|
*/

$app->singleton(
    Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class,
    App\Http\Kernel::class
);

$app->singleton(
    Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class,
    App\Console\Kernel::class
);

$app->singleton(
    Illuminate\Contracts\Debug\ExceptionHandler::class,
    App\Exceptions\Handler::class
);

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Return The Application
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| This script returns the application instance. The instance is given to
| the calling script so we can separate the building of the instances
| from the actual running of the application and sending responses.
|
*/

return $app;

Application.php

<?php

namespace Bootstrap; 
class Application extends Illuminate\Foundation\Application
{
    /**
     * The Laravel framework version.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    const VERSION = '5.2.31';

    /**
     * The base path for the Laravel installation.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $basePath;

    /**
     * Indicates if the application has been bootstrapped before.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $hasBeenBootstrapped = false;

    /**
     * Indicates if the application has "booted".
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $booted = false;

    /**
     * The array of booting callbacks.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $bootingCallbacks = [];

    /**
     * The array of booted callbacks.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $bootedCallbacks = [];

    /**
     * The array of terminating callbacks.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $terminatingCallbacks = [];

    /**
     * All of the registered service providers.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $serviceProviders = [];

    /**
     * The names of the loaded service providers.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $loadedProviders = [];

    /**
     * The deferred services and their providers.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $deferredServices = [];

    /**
     * A custom callback used to configure Monolog.
     *
     * @var callable|null
     */
    protected $monologConfigurator;

    /**
     * The custom database path defined by the developer.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $databasePath;

    /**
     * The custom storage path defined by the developer.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $storagePath;

    /**
     * The custom environment path defined by the developer.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $environmentPath;

    /**
     * The environment file to load during bootstrapping.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $environmentFile = '.env';

    /**
     * The application namespace.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $namespace = null;

    /**
     * Create a new Illuminate application instance.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $basePath
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct($basePath = null)
    {
        $this->registerBaseBindings();

        $this->registerBaseServiceProviders();

        $this->registerCoreContainerAliases();

        if ($basePath) {
            $this->setBasePath($basePath);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the version number of the application.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function version()
    {
        return static::VERSION;
    }

    /**
     * Register the basic bindings into the container.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function registerBaseBindings()
    {
        static::setInstance($this);

        $this->instance('app', $this);

        $this->instance('Illuminate\Container\Container', $this);
    }

    /**
     * Register all of the base service providers.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function registerBaseServiceProviders()
    {
        $this->register(new EventServiceProvider($this));

        $this->register(new RoutingServiceProvider($this));
    }

    /**
     * Run the given array of bootstrap classes.
     *
     * @param  array  $bootstrappers
     * @return void
     */
    public function bootstrapWith(array $bootstrappers)
    {
        $this->hasBeenBootstrapped = true;

        foreach ($bootstrappers as $bootstrapper) {
            $this['events']->fire('bootstrapping: '.$bootstrapper, [$this]);

            $this->make($bootstrapper)->bootstrap($this);

            $this['events']->fire('bootstrapped: '.$bootstrapper, [$this]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Register a callback to run after loading the environment.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $callback
     * @return void
     */
    public function afterLoadingEnvironment(Closure $callback)
    {
        return $this->afterBootstrapping(
            'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\DetectEnvironment', $callback
        );
    }

    /**
     * Register a callback to run before a bootstrapper.
     *
     * @param  string  $bootstrapper
     * @param  Closure  $callback
     * @return void
     */
    public function beforeBootstrapping($bootstrapper, Closure $callback)
    {
        $this['events']->listen('bootstrapping: '.$bootstrapper, $callback);
    }

    /**
     * Register a callback to run after a bootstrapper.
     *
     * @param  string  $bootstrapper
     * @param  Closure  $callback
     * @return void
     */
    public function afterBootstrapping($bootstrapper, Closure $callback)
    {
        $this['events']->listen('bootstrapped: '.$bootstrapper, $callback);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the application has been bootstrapped before.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasBeenBootstrapped()
    {
        return $this->hasBeenBootstrapped;
    }

    /**
     * Set the base path for the application.
     *
     * @param  string  $basePath
     * @return $this
     */
    public function setBasePath($basePath)
    {
        $this->basePath = rtrim($basePath, '\/');

        $this->bindPathsInContainer();

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Bind all of the application paths in the container.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function bindPathsInContainer()
    {
        $this->instance('path', $this->path());
        $this->instance('path.base', $this->basePath());
        $this->instance('path.lang', $this->langPath());
        $this->instance('path.config', $this->configPath());
        $this->instance('path.public', $this->publicPath());
        $this->instance('path.storage', $this->storagePath());
        $this->instance('path.database', $this->databasePath());
        $this->instance('path.bootstrap', $this->bootstrapPath());
    }

    /**
     * Get the path to the application "app" directory.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function path()
    {
        return $this->basePath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'app';
    }

    /**
     * Get the base path of the Laravel installation.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function basePath()
    {
        return $this->basePath;
    }

    /**
     * Get the path to the bootstrap directory.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function bootstrapPath()
    {
        return $this->basePath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'bootstrap';
    }

    /**
     * Get the path to the application configuration files.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function configPath()
    {
        return $this->basePath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'config';
    }

    /**
     * Get the path to the database directory.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function databasePath()
    {
        return $this->databasePath ?: $this->basePath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'database';
    }

    /**
     * Set the database directory.
     *
     * @param  string  $path
     * @return $this
     */
    public function useDatabasePath($path)
    {
        $this->databasePath = $path;

        $this->instance('path.database', $path);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the path to the language files.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function langPath()
    {
        return $this->basePath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'resources'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'lang';
    }

    /**
     * Get the path to the public / web directory.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function publicPath()
    { 
        return $this->basePath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
    }

    /**
     * Get the path to the storage directory.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function storagePath()
    {
        return $this->storagePath ?: $this->basePath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'storage';
    }

    /**
     * Set the storage directory.
     *
     * @param  string  $path
     * @return $this
     */
    public function useStoragePath($path)
    {
        $this->storagePath = $path;

        $this->instance('path.storage', $path);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the path to the environment file directory.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function environmentPath()
    {
        return $this->environmentPath ?: $this->basePath;
    }

    /**
     * Set the directory for the environment file.
     *
     * @param  string  $path
     * @return $this
     */
    public function useEnvironmentPath($path)
    {
        $this->environmentPath = $path;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Set the environment file to be loaded during bootstrapping.
     *
     * @param  string  $file
     * @return $this
     */
    public function loadEnvironmentFrom($file)
    {
        $this->environmentFile = $file;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the environment file the application is using.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function environmentFile()
    {
        return $this->environmentFile ?: '.env';
    }

    /**
     * Get the fully qualified path to the environment file.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function environmentFilePath()
    {
        return $this->environmentPath().'/'.$this->environmentFile();
    }

    /**
     * Get or check the current application environment.
     *
     * @param  mixed
     * @return string|bool
     */
    public function environment()
    {
        if (func_num_args() > 0) {
            $patterns = is_array(func_get_arg(0)) ? func_get_arg(0) : func_get_args();

            foreach ($patterns as $pattern) {
                if (Str::is($pattern, $this['env'])) {
                    return true;
                }
            }

            return false;
        }

        return $this['env'];
    }

    /**
     * Determine if application is in local environment.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isLocal()
    {
        return $this['env'] == 'local';
    }

    /**
     * Detect the application's current environment.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $callback
     * @return string
     */
    public function detectEnvironment(Closure $callback)
    {
        $args = isset($_SERVER['argv']) ? $_SERVER['argv'] : null;

        return $this['env'] = (new EnvironmentDetector())->detect($callback, $args);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if we are running in the console.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function runningInConsole()
    {
        return php_sapi_name() == 'cli';
    }

    /**
     * Determine if we are running unit tests.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function runningUnitTests()
    {
        return $this['env'] == 'testing';
    }

    /**
     * Register all of the configured providers.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function registerConfiguredProviders()
    {
        $manifestPath = $this->getCachedServicesPath();

        (new ProviderRepository($this, new Filesystem, $manifestPath))
                    ->load($this->config['app.providers']);
    }

    /**
     * Register a service provider with the application.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider|string  $provider
     * @param  array  $options
     * @param  bool   $force
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider
     */
    public function register($provider, $options = [], $force = false)
    {
        if (($registered = $this->getProvider($provider)) && ! $force) {
            return $registered;
        }

        // If the given "provider" is a string, we will resolve it, passing in the
        // application instance automatically for the developer. This is simply
        // a more convenient way of specifying your service provider classes.
        if (is_string($provider)) {
            $provider = $this->resolveProviderClass($provider);
        }

        $provider->register();

        // Once we have registered the service we will iterate through the options
        // and set each of them on the application so they will be available on
        // the actual loading of the service objects and for developer usage.
        foreach ($options as $key => $value) {
            $this[$key] = $value;
        }

        $this->markAsRegistered($provider);

        // If the application has already booted, we will call this boot method on
        // the provider class so it has an opportunity to do its boot logic and
        // will be ready for any usage by the developer's application logics.
        if ($this->booted) {
            $this->bootProvider($provider);
        }

        return $provider;
    }

    /**
     * Get the registered service provider instance if it exists.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider|string  $provider
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider|null
     */
    public function getProvider($provider)
    {
        $name = is_string($provider) ? $provider : get_class($provider);

        return Arr::first($this->serviceProviders, function ($key, $value) use ($name) {
            return $value instanceof $name;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Resolve a service provider instance from the class name.
     *
     * @param  string  $provider
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider
     */
    public function resolveProviderClass($provider)
    {
        return new $provider($this);
    }

    /**
     * Mark the given provider as registered.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider  $provider
     * @return void
     */
    protected function markAsRegistered($provider)
    {
        $this['events']->fire($class = get_class($provider), [$provider]);

        $this->serviceProviders[] = $provider;

        $this->loadedProviders[$class] = true;
    }

    /**
     * Load and boot all of the remaining deferred providers.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function loadDeferredProviders()
    {
        // We will simply spin through each of the deferred providers and register each
        // one and boot them if the application has booted. This should make each of
        // the remaining services available to this application for immediate use.
        foreach ($this->deferredServices as $service => $provider) {
            $this->loadDeferredProvider($service);
        }

        $this->deferredServices = [];
    }

    /**
     * Load the provider for a deferred service.
     *
     * @param  string  $service
     * @return void
     */
    public function loadDeferredProvider($service)
    {
        if (! isset($this->deferredServices[$service])) {
            return;
        }

        $provider = $this->deferredServices[$service];

        // If the service provider has not already been loaded and registered we can
        // register it with the application and remove the service from this list
        // of deferred services, since it will already be loaded on subsequent.
        if (! isset($this->loadedProviders[$provider])) {
            $this->registerDeferredProvider($provider, $service);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Register a deferred provider and service.
     *
     * @param  string  $provider
     * @param  string  $service
     * @return void
     */
    public function registerDeferredProvider($provider, $service = null)
    {
        // Once the provider that provides the deferred service has been registered we
        // will remove it from our local list of the deferred services with related
        // providers so that this container does not try to resolve it out again.
        if ($service) {
            unset($this->deferredServices[$service]);
        }

        $this->register($instance = new $provider($this));

        if (! $this->booted) {
            $this->booting(function () use ($instance) {
                $this->bootProvider($instance);
            });
        }
    }

    /**
     * Resolve the given type from the container.
     *
     * (Overriding Container::make)
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  array   $parameters
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function make($abstract, array $parameters = [])
    {
        $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);

        if (isset($this->deferredServices[$abstract])) {
            $this->loadDeferredProvider($abstract);
        }

        return parent::make($abstract, $parameters);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given abstract type has been bound.
     *
     * (Overriding Container::bound)
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return bool
     */
    public function bound($abstract)
    {
        return isset($this->deferredServices[$abstract]) || parent::bound($abstract);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the application has booted.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isBooted()
    {
        return $this->booted;
    }

    /**
     * Boot the application's service providers.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function boot()
    {
        if ($this->booted) {
            return;
        }

        // Once the application has booted we will also fire some "booted" callbacks
        // for any listeners that need to do work after this initial booting gets
        // finished. This is useful when ordering the boot-up processes we run.
        $this->fireAppCallbacks($this->bootingCallbacks);

        array_walk($this->serviceProviders, function ($p) {
            $this->bootProvider($p);
        });

        $this->booted = true;

        $this->fireAppCallbacks($this->bootedCallbacks);
    }

    /**
     * Boot the given service provider.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider  $provider
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function bootProvider(ServiceProvider $provider)
    {
        if (method_exists($provider, 'boot')) {
            return $this->call([$provider, 'boot']);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Register a new boot listener.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $callback
     * @return void
     */
    public function booting($callback)
    {
        $this->bootingCallbacks[] = $callback;
    }

    /**
     * Register a new "booted" listener.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $callback
     * @return void
     */
    public function booted($callback)
    {
        $this->bootedCallbacks[] = $callback;

        if ($this->isBooted()) {
            $this->fireAppCallbacks([$callback]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Call the booting callbacks for the application.
     *
     * @param  array  $callbacks
     * @return void
     */
    protected function fireAppCallbacks(array $callbacks)
    {
        foreach ($callbacks as $callback) {
            call_user_func($callback, $this);
        }
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function handle(SymfonyRequest $request, $type = self::MASTER_REQUEST, $catch = true)
    {
        return $this['Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel']->handle(Request::createFromBase($request));
    }

    /**
     * Determine if middleware has been disabled for the application.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function shouldSkipMiddleware()
    {
        return $this->bound('middleware.disable') &&
               $this->make('middleware.disable') === true;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the application configuration is cached.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function configurationIsCached()
    {
        return file_exists($this->getCachedConfigPath());
    }

    /**
     * Get the path to the configuration cache file.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getCachedConfigPath()
    {
        return $this->bootstrapPath().'/cache/config.php';
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the application routes are cached.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function routesAreCached()
    {
        return $this['files']->exists($this->getCachedRoutesPath());
    }

    /**
     * Get the path to the routes cache file.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getCachedRoutesPath()
    {
        return $this->bootstrapPath().'/cache/routes.php';
    }

    /**
     * Get the path to the cached "compiled.php" file.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getCachedCompilePath()
    {
        return $this->bootstrapPath().'/cache/compiled.php';
    }

    /**
     * Get the path to the cached services.php file.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getCachedServicesPath()
    {
        return $this->bootstrapPath().'/cache/services.php';
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the application is currently down for maintenance.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isDownForMaintenance()
    {
        return file_exists($this->storagePath().'/framework/down');
    }

    /**
     * Throw an HttpException with the given data.
     *
     * @param  int     $code
     * @param  string  $message
     * @param  array   $headers
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpException
     */
    public function abort($code, $message = '', array $headers = [])
    {
        if ($code == 404) {
            throw new NotFoundHttpException($message);
        }

        throw new HttpException($code, $message, null, $headers);
    }

    /**
     * Register a terminating callback with the application.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $callback
     * @return $this
     */
    public function terminating(Closure $callback)
    {
        $this->terminatingCallbacks[] = $callback;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Terminate the application.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function terminate()
    {
        foreach ($this->terminatingCallbacks as $terminating) {
            $this->call($terminating);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the service providers that have been loaded.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getLoadedProviders()
    {
        return $this->loadedProviders;
    }

    /**
     * Get the application's deferred services.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getDeferredServices()
    {
        return $this->deferredServices;
    }

    /**
     * Set the application's deferred services.
     *
     * @param  array  $services
     * @return void
     */
    public function setDeferredServices(array $services)
    {
        $this->deferredServices = $services;
    }

    /**
     * Add an array of services to the application's deferred services.
     *
     * @param  array  $services
     * @return void
     */
    public function addDeferredServices(array $services)
    {
        $this->deferredServices = array_merge($this->deferredServices, $services);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given service is a deferred service.
     *
     * @param  string  $service
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isDeferredService($service)
    {
        return isset($this->deferredServices[$service]);
    }

    /**
     * Define a callback to be used to configure Monolog.
     *
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @return $this
     */
    public function configureMonologUsing(callable $callback)
    {
        $this->monologConfigurator = $callback;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the application has a custom Monolog configurator.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasMonologConfigurator()
    {
        return ! is_null($this->monologConfigurator);
    }

    /**
     * Get the custom Monolog configurator for the application.
     *
     * @return callable
     */
    public function getMonologConfigurator()
    {
        return $this->monologConfigurator;
    }

    /**
     * Get the current application locale.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getLocale()
    {
        return $this['config']->get('app.locale');
    }

    /**
     * Set the current application locale.
     *
     * @param  string  $locale
     * @return void
     */
    public function setLocale($locale)
    {
        $this['config']->set('app.locale', $locale);

        $this['translator']->setLocale($locale);

        $this['events']->fire('locale.changed', [$locale]);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if application locale is the given locale.
     *
     * @param  string  $locale
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isLocale($locale)
    {
        return $this->getLocale() == $locale;
    }

    /**
     * Register the core class aliases in the container.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function registerCoreContainerAliases()
    {
        $aliases = [
            'app'                  => ['Illuminate\Foundation\Application', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application'],
            'auth'                 => ['Illuminate\Auth\AuthManager', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Factory'],
            'auth.driver'          => ['Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard'],
            'blade.compiler'       => ['Illuminate\View\Compilers\BladeCompiler'],
            'cache'                => ['Illuminate\Cache\CacheManager', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Factory'],
            'cache.store'          => ['Illuminate\Cache\Repository', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Repository'],
            'config'               => ['Illuminate\Config\Repository', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Config\Repository'],
            'cookie'               => ['Illuminate\Cookie\CookieJar', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Cookie\Factory', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Cookie\QueueingFactory'],
            'encrypter'            => ['Illuminate\Encryption\Encrypter', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\Encrypter'],
            'db'                   => ['Illuminate\Database\DatabaseManager'],
            'db.connection'        => ['Illuminate\Database\Connection', 'Illuminate\Database\ConnectionInterface'],
            'events'               => ['Illuminate\Events\Dispatcher', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Events\Dispatcher'],
            'files'                => ['Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem'],
            'filesystem'           => ['Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemManager', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Filesystem\Factory'],
            'filesystem.disk'      => ['Illuminate\Contracts\Filesystem\Filesystem'],
            'filesystem.cloud'     => ['Illuminate\Contracts\Filesystem\Cloud'],
            'hash'                 => ['Illuminate\Contracts\Hashing\Hasher'],
            'translator'           => ['Illuminate\Translation\Translator', 'Symfony\Component\Translation\TranslatorInterface'],
            'log'                  => ['Illuminate\Log\Writer', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Logging\Log', 'Psr\Log\LoggerInterface'],
            'mailer'               => ['Illuminate\Mail\Mailer', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailer', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\MailQueue'],
            'auth.password'        => ['Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordBrokerManager', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\PasswordBrokerFactory'],
            'auth.password.broker' => ['Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordBroker', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\PasswordBroker'],
            'queue'                => ['Illuminate\Queue\QueueManager', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Factory', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Monitor'],
            'queue.connection'     => ['Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Queue'],
            'queue.failer'         => ['Illuminate\Queue\Failed\FailedJobProviderInterface'],
            'redirect'             => ['Illuminate\Routing\Redirector'],
            'redis'                => ['Illuminate\Redis\Database', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Redis\Database'],
            'request'              => ['Illuminate\Http\Request', 'Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request'],
            'router'               => ['Illuminate\Routing\Router', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\Registrar'],
            'session'              => ['Illuminate\Session\SessionManager'],
            'session.store'        => ['Illuminate\Session\Store', 'Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\SessionInterface'],
            'url'                  => ['Illuminate\Routing\UrlGenerator', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\UrlGenerator'],
            'validator'            => ['Illuminate\Validation\Factory', 'Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Factory'],
            'view'                 => ['Illuminate\View\Factory', 'Illuminate\Contracts\View\Factory'],
        ];

        foreach ($aliases as $key => $aliases) {
            foreach ($aliases as $alias) {
                $this->alias($key, $alias);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Flush the container of all bindings and resolved instances.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function flush()
    {
        parent::flush();

        $this->loadedProviders = [];
    }

    /**
     * Get the application namespace.
     *
     * @return string
     *
     * @throws \RuntimeException
     */
    public function getNamespace()
    {
        if (! is_null($this->namespace)) {
            return $this->namespace;
        }

        $composer = json_decode(file_get_contents(base_path('composer.json')), true);

        foreach ((array) data_get($composer, 'autoload.psr-4') as $namespace => $path) {
            foreach ((array) $path as $pathChoice) {
                if (realpath(app_path()) == realpath(base_path().'/'.$pathChoice)) {
                    return $this->namespace = $namespace;
                }
            }
        }

        throw new RuntimeException('Unable to detect application namespace.');
    }
}