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Partition, format and mount

Your data disk will likely be /dev/sdb, you can list your disks with:

fdisk -l
Now that we know /dev/sdb is there we can run the following commands to format and mount :

# Make partition
sudo parted -s -a optimal /dev/sdb mklabel gpt -- mkpart primary ext4 1 '-1'
# Format to ext4
sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
# Make data dir
sudo mkdir -p /data
# Mount
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /data
# Get the disk's UUID
disk_uuid=$(sudo blkid /dev/sdb1 | perl -n -e'/UUID="([^\"]+)"/ && print $1')
# Add to /etc/fstab so it's mounted on (re)boot
echo <<EOF
UUID=${disk_uuid}    /data     auto    rw,user,auto    0    0
EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
# Voila :)