Self Signed Certificate with Custom Root CA

self-signed-certificate-with-custom-ca.md

Create Root CA (Done once)

Create Root Key

Attention: this is the key used to sign the certificate requests, anyone holding this can sign certificates on your behalf. So keep it in a safe place!

openssl genrsa -des3 -out rootCA.key 4096

If you want a non password protected key just remove the -des3 option

Create and self sign the Root Certificate

openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key rootCA.key -sha256 -days 1024 -out rootCA.crt

Here we used our root key to create the root certificate that needs to be distributed in all the computers that have to trust us.

Create a certificate (Done for each server)

This procedure needs to be followed for each server/appliance that needs a trusted certificate from our CA

Create the certificate key

openssl genrsa -out mydomain.com.key 2048

Create the signing (csr)

The certificate signing request is where you specify the details for the certificate you want to generate. This request will be processed by the owner of the Root key (you in this case since you create it earlier) to generate the certificate.

Important: Please mind that while creating the signign request is important to specify the Common Name providing the IP address or domain name for the service, otherwise the certificate cannot be verified.

I will describe here two ways to gener

Method A (Interactive)

If you generate the csr in this way, openssl will ask you questions about the certificate to generate like the organization details and the Common Name (CN) that is the web address you are creating the certificate for, e.g mydomain.com.

openssl req -new -key mydomain.com.key -out mydomain.com.csr

Method B (One Liner)

This method generates the same output as Method A but it's suitable for use in your automation :) .

openssl req -new -sha256 -key mydomain.com.key -subj "/C=US/ST=CA/O=MyOrg, Inc./CN=mydomain.com" -out mydomain.com.csr

If you need to pass additional config you can use the -config parameter, here for example I want to add alternative names to my certificate.

openssl req -new -sha256 \
    -key mydomain.com.key \
    -subj "/C=US/ST=CA/O=MyOrg, Inc./CN=mydomain.com" \
    -reqexts SAN \
    -config <(cat /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf \
        <(printf "\n[SAN]\nsubjectAltName=DNS:mydomain.com,DNS:www.mydomain.com")) \
    -out mydomain.com.csr

Verify the csr's content

openssl req -in mydomain.com.csr -noout -text

Generate the certificate using the mydomain csr and key along with the CA Root key

openssl x509 -req -in mydomain.com.csr -CA rootCA.crt -CAkey rootCA.key -CAcreateserial -out mydomain.com.crt -days 500 -sha256

Verify the certificate's content

openssl x509 -in mydomain.com.crt -text -noout

Help: how to create a authentication tls in golang

Could anyone give me some help? Thanks a lot.

Error info

I can create root CA and the server CA successfully.
However, I cannot use localhost.key.pem and localhost.crt.pem to create a TLS connection in golang 1.17.
Client always failed to connect to the server, which threw the following

2021/09/17 14:27:21 x509: certificate signed by unknown authority
exit status 1

Server start

# server can be started normally
go run server.go 12345
# client cannot connect to the server.
go run client.go localhost:12345

CA creation

Here are my reproduced steps:

openssl req -x509 -nodes -sha256 \
	-newkey rsa:4096 \
	-days 10240 \
	-subj "/C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=MyOrg, Inc./OU=Software Dept/CN=localhost" \
	-keyout root.key.pem \
	-out root.crt.pem

# OPENSSL_CONF="/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf"
OPENSSL_CONF="/System/Library/OpenSSL/openssl.cnf"
openssl req -new -nodes \
    -newkey rsa:4096 \
    -subj "/C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=MyOrg, Inc./OU=Software Dept/CN=localhost" \
	-reqexts SAN \
    -config <(cat "${OPENSSL_CONF}" \
        <(printf "\n[SAN]\nsubjectAltName=DNS:localhost")) \
    -keyout localhost.key.pem \
    -out localhost.csr

openssl x509 -req -sha256 -CAcreateserial -days 365 \
	-CA root.crt.pem \
	-CAkey root.key.pem \
	-extfile <(printf "subjectAltName=DNS:localhost") \
	-in localhost.csr \
	-out localhost.crt.pem

Golang code

Here is my golang code.
Server

package main

import (
    "bufio"
    "crypto/rand"
    "crypto/tls"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net"
    "os"
    "strconv"
    "strings"
    "time"
)

var count = 0
var ServerCertFile = "../certificate/localhost.crt.pem"
var ServerKeyFile = "../certificate/localhost.key.pem"

func handleConnection(c net.Conn) {
    fmt.Println("Connection from ", c.RemoteAddr().String())
    for {
        netData, err := bufio.NewReader(c).ReadString('\n')
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println(err)
            return
        }

        temp := strings.TrimSpace(netData)
        if temp == "STOP" {
            break
        }
        fmt.Println(temp)
        counter := strconv.Itoa(count) + "\n"
        c.Write([]byte(counter))
    }
    defer func(c net.Conn) {
        err := c.Close()
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println("Failed to Close Connection from ", c.RemoteAddr().String())
        }
    }(c)
}

func main() {

    arguments := os.Args
    if len(arguments) == 1 {
        fmt.Println("Please provide a port number!")
        return
    }
    PORT := ":" + arguments[1]

    // load certificate
    crt, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(ServerCertFile, ServerKeyFile)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalln(err.Error())
        return
    }
    tlsConfig := &tls.Config{}
    tlsConfig.Certificates = []tls.Certificate{crt}
    tlsConfig.Time = time.Now
    tlsConfig.Rand = rand.Reader

    l, err := tls.Listen("tcp", PORT, tlsConfig)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalln(err.Error())
        return
    }
    defer l.Close()

    for {
        conn, err := l.Accept()
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println(err.Error())
            continue
        }
        go handleConnection(conn)
        count++
    }
}

Client

package main

import (
    "bufio"
    "crypto/tls"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "os"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    arguments := os.Args
    if len(arguments) == 1 {
        fmt.Println("Please provide host:port.")
        return
    }

    CONNECT := arguments[1]
    c, err := tls.Dial("tcp", CONNECT, nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalln(err.Error())
        return
    }

    for {
        reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
        fmt.Print(">> ")
        text, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')
        fmt.Fprintf(c, text+"\n")

        message, _ := bufio.NewReader(c).ReadString('\n')
        fmt.Print("->: " + message)
        if strings.TrimSpace(string(text)) == "STOP" {
            fmt.Println("TCP client exiting...")
            return
        }
    }
}

Option -copy_extensions copy is missing for openssl x509 -req command because of the example with the Subject alternative name.

#!/bin/bash

# =============================================================================
# ssl-certs.sh - Self signing SSL certificates
#
# Author: Steve Shreeve <[email protected]>
#   Date: Dec 17, 2022
# =============================================================================

# Use https://gist.github.com/shreeve/3358901a26a21d4ddee0e1342be7749d
# See https://gist.github.com/fntlnz/cf14feb5a46b2eda428e000157447309

# variables
name="ACME, Inc."
base="acme.com"
root="root"
myip="$(ifconfig | awk '/inet / { print $2 }' | grep -v -E "^127\." | head -1)"

# create root key and certificate
openssl genrsa -out "${root}.key" 3072
openssl req -x509 -nodes -sha256 -new -key "${root}.key" -out "${root}.crt" -days 731 \
  -subj "/CN=Custom Root" \
  -addext "keyUsage = critical, keyCertSign" \
  -addext "basicConstraints = critical, CA:TRUE, pathlen:0" \
  -addext "subjectKeyIdentifier = hash"

# create our key and certificate signing request
openssl genrsa -out "${base}.key" 2048
openssl req -sha256 -new -key "${base}.key" -out "${base}.csr" \
  -subj "/CN=*.${base}/O=${name}/OU=$(whoami)@$(hostname) ($(/usr/bin/id -F))" \
  -reqexts SAN -config <(echo "[SAN]\nsubjectAltName=DNS:${base},DNS:*.${base},IP:127.0.0.1,IP:${myip}\n")

# create our final certificate and sign it
openssl x509 -req -sha256 -in "${base}.csr" -out "${base}.crt" -days 731 \
  -CAkey "${root}.key" -CA "${root}.crt" -CAcreateserial -extfile <(cat <<END
    subjectAltName = DNS:${base},DNS:*.${base},IP:127.0.0.1,IP:${myip}
    keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
    extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth
    basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
    authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always
    subjectKeyIdentifier = none
END
)

# update the macOS trust store (TODO: add other operating systems)
sudo /usr/bin/security add-trusted-cert -d -r trustRoot -k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain "${root}.crt"

# review files
echo "--"; openssl x509 -in "${root}.crt" -noout -text
echo "--"; openssl req  -in "${base}.csr" -noout -text
echo "--"; openssl x509 -in "${base}.crt" -noout -text
echo "--";

Hi i am encouraging error like this:

So i am using reverse proxy for my web server and want ssl certificate to be included in my nginx config file so i followed this
guide here that creates ssl certificate and did these steps to create csr:
openssl genrsa -des3 -out rootCA.key 4096

openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key rootCA.key -sha256 -days 1024 -out rootCA.crt

openssl genrsa -out mydomain.com.key 2048

openssl req -new -sha256
-key SERVER.key
-subj "/C=US/ST=North Carolina/O=ORG/OU=ORG_UNIT/CN=mydomain.com"
-reqexts SAN
-config <(cat /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf <(printf "\n[SAN]\nsubjectAltName=DNS:mydomain.com"))
-out SERVER.csr
then i used this for signing certifiacte for my web server:
openssl x509 -req -extfile <(printf "subjectAltName=DNS:YOUR_DOMAIN_NAME") -days 120 -in SERVER.csr -CA rootCA.crt -CAkey root_rsa.key -CAcreateserial -out SERVER.crt -sha256

and everything looked fine btw i am using swarm, and when i try to connect to server i get 502 bad gateway and after using curl https://mydomain.com i get this error:

curl: (35) OpenSSL/3.1.3: error:0A00010B:SSL routines::wrong version number

inside my container logs it shows this:
failed (SSL: error:0A00010B:SSL routines::wrong version number) while SSL handshaking to upstream, client: 10.0.0.2, server: , request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream

does anyone have idea what can i do here ?

I followed your guide but cannot verify created certificate with root CA

openssl verify -CAfile rootCA.crt mydomain.com.crt C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd error 18 at 0 depth lookup: self signed certificate error mydomain.com.crt: verification failed

@notariuss you should use: openssl verify -CAfile C:\ca-cert.pem C:\mycert.pem