Nginx SSL 安全配置最佳实践.

gistfile1.sh

# 生成 dhparam.pem 文件, 在命令行执行任一方法:

# 方法1: 很慢
openssl dhparam -out /etc/nginx/ssl/dhparam.pem 2048

# 方法2: 较快
# 与方法1无明显区别. 2048位也足够用, 4096更强
openssl dhparam -dsaparam -out /etc/nginx/ssl/dhparam.pem 4096

nginx.conf

# 阅读更多 http://tautt.com/best-nginx-configuration-for-security/

# 不发送Nginx版本号
server_tokens off;

# 不允许浏览器在frame或iframe中显示页面
# 避免 点击劫持(clickjacking) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clickjacking
# 如果需要允许 [i]frames, 你可以用 SAMEORIGIN 或者用ALLOW-FROM uri 设置单个uri
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTTP/X-Frame-Options
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;

# 服务用户提供的内容时, 包含 X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff 头选项，配合 Content-Type: 头选项,
# 来禁用某些浏览器的 content-type 探测.
# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/List_of_useful_HTTP_headers
# 当前支持 IE > 8 http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/09/02/ie8-security-part-vi-beta-2-update.aspx
# http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/gg622941(v=vs.85).aspx
# 火狐 '不久'支持 https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=471020
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;

# 启用大部分现代浏览器内置的 the Cross-site scripting (XSS) 过滤.
# 通常缺省情况下已经启用, 所以本选项为为本网站重启过滤器，以防其被用户禁用.
# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/List_of_useful_HTTP_headers
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";

# 启用 Content Security Policy (CSP) (和支持它的浏览器(http://caniuse.com/#feat=contentsecuritypolicy)后,
# 你可以告诉浏览器它仅能从你明确允许的域名下载内容
# http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/content-security-policy/
# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Content_Security_Policy
# 修改应用代码, 通过禁用css和js的 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' 指标提高安全性
# (对内联css和js同样适用).
# 更多: http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/content-security-policy/#inline-code-considered-harmful
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https://ssl.google-analytics.com https://assets.zendesk.com https://connect.facebook.net; img-src 'self' https://ssl.google-analytics.com https://s-static.ak.facebook.com https://assets.zendesk.com; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' https://fonts.googleapis.com https://assets.zendesk.com; font-src 'self' https://themes.googleusercontent.com; frame-src https://assets.zendesk.com https://www.facebook.com https://s-static.ak.facebook.com https://tautt.zendesk.com; object-src 'none'";

# 将所有 http 跳转至 https
server {
  listen 80 default_server;
  listen [::]:80 default_server;
  server_name .forgott.com;
  return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}

server {
  listen 443 ssl http2;
  listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
  server_name .forgott.com;

  ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/star_forgott_com.crt;
  ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/star_forgott_com.key;

  # 启用 session resumption 提高HTTPS性能
  # http://vincent.bernat.im/en/blog/2011-ssl-session-reuse-rfc5077.html
  ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
  ssl_session_timeout 1d;
  ssl_session_tickets off;

  # DHE密码器的Diffie-Hellman参数, 推荐 2048 位
  ssl_dhparam /etc/nginx/ssl/dhparam.pem;

  # 启用服务器端保护, 防止 BEAST 攻击
  # http://blog.ivanristic.com/2013/09/is-beast-still-a-threat.html
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
  # 禁用 SSLv3(enabled by default since nginx 0.8.19) since it's less secure then TLS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer#SSL_3.0
  ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
  # ciphers chosen for forward secrecy and compatibility
  # http://blog.ivanristic.com/2013/08/configuring-apache-nginx-and-openssl-for-forward-secrecy.html
  ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!DSS';

  # 启用 ocsp stapling (网站可以以隐私保护、可扩展的方式向访客传达证书吊销信息的机制)
  # http://blog.mozilla.org/security/2013/07/29/ocsp-stapling-in-firefox/
  resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4;
  ssl_stapling on;
  ssl_stapling_verify on;
  ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/star_forgott_com.crt;

  # 启用 HSTS(HTTP Strict Transport Security) https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Security/HTTP_Strict_Transport_Security
  # 避免 ssl stripping https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSL_stripping#SSL_stripping
  # 或 https://hstspreload.org/
  add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload";

  # ... 其他配置
}

ssl_prefer_server_ciphers 似乎目前浏览器兼容性不太好

prefer 是偏好。支持服务器的偏好就按服务器的来；不支持的话，告诉服务器客户端的偏好就可以了。

我设置了这个以后，chrome和火狐就报错（而且没有强行不安全连接的选项），nginx日志输出bad cipher
关了就没事，还没找到为啥

那就先关了