quick perf test for the new Hetzner cloud volumes

hddperftest

# nbg1-dc3, CX11, Ubuntu 20.04, 10 GB EXT4 Volume



# local SSD


root@voltest:~# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
 Timing cached reads:   14624 MB in  1.99 seconds = 7341.48 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 3422 MB in  3.00 seconds = 1140.61 MB/sec

root@voltest:~# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
 Timing cached reads:   15150 MB in  1.99 seconds = 7607.38 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 3106 MB in  3.00 seconds = 1034.60 MB/sec

root@voltest:~# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
 Timing cached reads:   14712 MB in  1.99 seconds = 7387.56 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 3076 MB in  3.00 seconds = 1025.01 MB/sec


root@voltest:~# fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75
test: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
test: Laying out IO file (1 file / 4096MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [m(1)][100.0%][r=148MiB/s,w=49.4MiB/s][r=37.9k,w=12.7k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=873: Fri Jul 23 08:45:09 2021
  read: IOPS=39.6k, BW=155MiB/s (162MB/s)(3070MiB/19830msec)
   bw (  KiB/s): min=132272, max=180432, per=100.00%, avg=158964.92, stdev=11114.01, samples=39
   iops        : min=33068, max=45108, avg=39741.23, stdev=2778.50, samples=39
  write: IOPS=13.2k, BW=51.7MiB/s (54.3MB/s)(1026MiB/19830msec); 0 zone resets
   bw (  KiB/s): min=44192, max=60600, per=100.00%, avg=53133.33, stdev=3799.22, samples=39
   iops        : min=11048, max=15150, avg=13283.33, stdev=949.81, samples=39
  cpu          : usr=12.36%, sys=48.30%, ctx=28238, majf=0, minf=8
  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=785920,262656,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
   READ: bw=155MiB/s (162MB/s), 155MiB/s-155MiB/s (162MB/s-162MB/s), io=3070MiB (3219MB), run=19830-19830msec
  WRITE: bw=51.7MiB/s (54.3MB/s), 51.7MiB/s-51.7MiB/s (54.3MB/s-54.3MB/s), io=1026MiB (1076MB), run=19830-19830msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  sda: ios=779295/260361, merge=30/3, ticks=649663/201875, in_queue=9808, util=99.60%

root@voltest:~# fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75
test: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [m(1)][100.0%][r=161MiB/s,w=53.1MiB/s][r=41.3k,w=13.6k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=879: Fri Jul 23 08:45:59 2021
  read: IOPS=41.4k, BW=162MiB/s (170MB/s)(3070MiB/18978msec)
   bw (  KiB/s): min=147257, max=184408, per=100.00%, avg=165704.54, stdev=10162.47, samples=37
   iops        : min=36814, max=46102, avg=41426.11, stdev=2540.63, samples=37
  write: IOPS=13.8k, BW=54.1MiB/s (56.7MB/s)(1026MiB/18978msec); 0 zone resets
   bw (  KiB/s): min=48870, max=61448, per=100.00%, avg=55389.76, stdev=3505.40, samples=37
   iops        : min=12217, max=15362, avg=13847.41, stdev=876.37, samples=37
  cpu          : usr=13.73%, sys=49.43%, ctx=27099, majf=0, minf=8
  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=785920,262656,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
   READ: bw=162MiB/s (170MB/s), 162MiB/s-162MiB/s (170MB/s-170MB/s), io=3070MiB (3219MB), run=18978-18978msec
  WRITE: bw=54.1MiB/s (56.7MB/s), 54.1MiB/s-54.1MiB/s (56.7MB/s-56.7MB/s), io=1026MiB (1076MB), run=18978-18978msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  sda: ios=782160/261394, merge=0/3, ticks=606276/188345, in_queue=9476, util=99.65%

root@voltest:~# fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75
test: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [m(1)][100.0%][r=163MiB/s,w=54.5MiB/s][r=41.8k,w=13.9k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=882: Fri Jul 23 08:46:27 2021
  read: IOPS=39.8k, BW=156MiB/s (163MB/s)(3070MiB/19739msec)
   bw (  KiB/s): min=126416, max=184048, per=99.82%, avg=158982.41, stdev=13626.36, samples=39
   iops        : min=31604, max=46012, avg=39745.59, stdev=3406.59, samples=39
  write: IOPS=13.3k, BW=51.0MiB/s (54.5MB/s)(1026MiB/19739msec); 0 zone resets
   bw (  KiB/s): min=42120, max=61512, per=99.84%, avg=53137.67, stdev=4517.30, samples=39
   iops        : min=10530, max=15378, avg=13284.38, stdev=1129.31, samples=39
  cpu          : usr=13.64%, sys=48.56%, ctx=27833, majf=0, minf=10
  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=785920,262656,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
   READ: bw=156MiB/s (163MB/s), 156MiB/s-156MiB/s (163MB/s-163MB/s), io=3070MiB (3219MB), run=19739-19739msec
  WRITE: bw=51.0MiB/s (54.5MB/s), 51.0MiB/s-51.0MiB/s (54.5MB/s-54.5MB/s), io=1026MiB (1076MB), run=19739-19739msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  sda: ios=780823/260927, merge=0/14, ticks=629060/197344, in_queue=8804, util=99.60%


root@voltest:~# ioping -c 10 .
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=1 time=289.6 us (warmup)
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=2 time=634.4 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=3 time=636.6 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=4 time=641.8 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=5 time=688.0 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=6 time=535.5 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=7 time=468.7 us (fast)
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=8 time=468.8 us (fast)
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=9 time=496.7 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=10 time=516.8 us
--- . (ext4 /dev/sda1) ioping statistics ---
9 requests completed in 5.09 ms, 36 KiB read, 1.77 k iops, 6.91 MiB/s
generated 10 requests in 9.00 s, 40 KiB, 1 iops, 4.44 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 468.7 us / 565.3 us / 688.0 us / 79.8 us

root@voltest:~# ioping -c 10 .
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=1 time=335.0 us (warmup)
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=2 time=494.2 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=3 time=698.6 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=4 time=605.3 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=5 time=579.2 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=6 time=467.3 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=7 time=486.1 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=8 time=561.5 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=9 time=652.1 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=10 time=446.3 us (fast)
--- . (ext4 /dev/sda1) ioping statistics ---
9 requests completed in 4.99 ms, 36 KiB read, 1.80 k iops, 7.04 MiB/s
generated 10 requests in 9.00 s, 40 KiB, 1 iops, 4.44 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 446.3 us / 554.5 us / 698.6 us / 82.4 us

root@voltest:~# ioping -c 10 .
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=1 time=1.10 ms (warmup)
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=2 time=589.4 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=3 time=692.1 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=4 time=558.6 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=5 time=721.4 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=6 time=472.8 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=7 time=446.3 us (fast)
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=8 time=542.7 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=9 time=669.8 us
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sda1): request=10 time=515.5 us
--- . (ext4 /dev/sda1) ioping statistics ---
9 requests completed in 5.21 ms, 36 KiB read, 1.73 k iops, 6.75 MiB/s
generated 10 requests in 9.00 s, 40 KiB, 1 iops, 4.44 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 446.3 us / 578.7 us / 721.4 us / 91.9 us



# cloud volume


root@voltest:/mnt/HC_Volume_12515109# hdparm -Tt /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
 Timing cached reads:   15072 MB in  1.99 seconds = 7567.32 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 930 MB in  3.00 seconds = 309.54 MB/sec

root@voltest:/mnt/HC_Volume_12515109# hdparm -Tt /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
 Timing cached reads:   14108 MB in  1.99 seconds = 7082.65 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 930 MB in  3.00 seconds = 309.56 MB/sec

root@voltest:/mnt/HC_Volume_12515109# hdparm -Tt /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
 Timing cached reads:   13240 MB in  1.99 seconds = 6645.60 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 930 MB in  3.00 seconds = 309.79 MB/sec


root@voltest:/mnt/HC_Volume_12515109# fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75
test: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
test: Laying out IO file (1 file / 4096MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [m(1)][100.0%][r=29.3MiB/s,w=9836KiB/s][r=7498,w=2459 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=923: Fri Jul 23 08:52:55 2021
  read: IOPS=7506, BW=29.3MiB/s (30.7MB/s)(3070MiB/104697msec)
   bw (  KiB/s): min=29536, max=35968, per=99.99%, avg=30023.14, stdev=427.44, samples=209
   iops        : min= 7384, max= 8992, avg=7505.77, stdev=106.87, samples=209
  write: IOPS=2508, BW=9.80MiB/s (10.3MB/s)(1026MiB/104697msec); 0 zone resets
   bw (  KiB/s): min= 8816, max=12352, per=100.00%, avg=10034.00, stdev=384.52, samples=209
   iops        : min= 2204, max= 3088, avg=2508.46, stdev=96.11, samples=209
  cpu          : usr=5.92%, sys=22.68%, ctx=635651, majf=0, minf=8
  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=785920,262656,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
   READ: bw=29.3MiB/s (30.7MB/s), 29.3MiB/s-29.3MiB/s (30.7MB/s-30.7MB/s), io=3070MiB (3219MB), run=104697-104697msec
  WRITE: bw=9.80MiB/s (10.3MB/s), 9.80MiB/s-9.80MiB/s (10.3MB/s-10.3MB/s), io=1026MiB (1076MB), run=104697-104697msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  sdb: ios=785730/262657, merge=0/20, ticks=5873878/764292, in_queue=3886892, util=100.00%

root@voltest:/mnt/HC_Volume_12515109# fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75
test: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [m(1)][100.0%][r=29.3MiB/s,w=9853KiB/s][r=7503,w=2463 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=940: Fri Jul 23 08:54:58 2021
  read: IOPS=7506, BW=29.3MiB/s (30.7MB/s)(3070MiB/104696msec)
   bw (  KiB/s): min=29184, max=35920, per=99.99%, avg=30022.33, stdev=430.51, samples=209
   iops        : min= 7296, max= 8980, avg=7505.57, stdev=107.64, samples=209
  write: IOPS=2508, BW=9.80MiB/s (10.3MB/s)(1026MiB/104696msec); 0 zone resets
   bw (  KiB/s): min= 8952, max=12368, per=100.00%, avg=10034.00, stdev=383.14, samples=209
   iops        : min= 2238, max= 3092, avg=2508.48, stdev=95.77, samples=209
  cpu          : usr=6.22%, sys=22.82%, ctx=630761, majf=0, minf=8
  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=785920,262656,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
   READ: bw=29.3MiB/s (30.7MB/s), 29.3MiB/s-29.3MiB/s (30.7MB/s-30.7MB/s), io=3070MiB (3219MB), run=104696-104696msec
  WRITE: bw=9.80MiB/s (10.3MB/s), 9.80MiB/s-9.80MiB/s (10.3MB/s-10.3MB/s), io=1026MiB (1076MB), run=104696-104696msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  sdb: ios=785558/262593, merge=0/20, ticks=5888413/752784, in_queue=3882572, util=100.00%

root@voltest:/mnt/HC_Volume_12515109# fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75
test: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [m(1)][100.0%][r=19.5MiB/s,w=6824KiB/s][r=5000,w=1706 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=955: Fri Jul 23 08:57:32 2021
  read: IOPS=5666, BW=22.1MiB/s (23.2MB/s)(3070MiB/138702msec)
   bw (  KiB/s): min=18740, max=35904, per=99.97%, avg=22657.92, stdev=4462.51, samples=277
   iops        : min= 4685, max= 8976, avg=5664.47, stdev=1115.62, samples=277
  write: IOPS=1893, BW=7575KiB/s (7756kB/s)(1026MiB/138702msec); 0 zone resets
   bw (  KiB/s): min= 5720, max=12344, per=99.98%, avg=7572.78, stdev=1534.49, samples=277
   iops        : min= 1430, max= 3086, avg=1893.17, stdev=383.63, samples=277
  cpu          : usr=5.40%, sys=19.90%, ctx=666613, majf=0, minf=8
  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=785920,262656,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
   READ: bw=22.1MiB/s (23.2MB/s), 22.1MiB/s-22.1MiB/s (23.2MB/s-23.2MB/s), io=3070MiB (3219MB), run=138702-138702msec
  WRITE: bw=7575KiB/s (7756kB/s), 7575KiB/s-7575KiB/s (7756kB/s-7756kB/s), io=1026MiB (1076MB), run=138702-138702msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  sdb: ios=785610/262631, merge=0/27, ticks=8065757/745013, in_queue=6280192, util=100.00%


root@voltest:/mnt/HC_Volume_12515109# ioping -c 10 .
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=1 time=956.1 us (warmup)
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=2 time=1.49 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=3 time=1.16 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=4 time=1.20 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=5 time=1.48 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=6 time=1.25 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=7 time=1.26 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=8 time=1.18 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=9 time=1.09 ms (fast)
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=10 time=1.27 ms
--- . (ext4 /dev/sdb) ioping statistics ---
9 requests completed in 11.4 ms, 36 KiB read, 791 iops, 3.09 MiB/s
generated 10 requests in 9.00 s, 40 KiB, 1 iops, 4.44 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 1.09 ms / 1.26 ms / 1.49 ms / 128.2 us

root@voltest:/mnt/HC_Volume_12515109# ioping -c 10 .
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=1 time=874.2 us (warmup)
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=2 time=1.27 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=3 time=1.26 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=4 time=7.25 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=5 time=1.39 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=6 time=1.45 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=7 time=985.4 us (fast)
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=8 time=1.40 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=9 time=1.23 ms (fast)
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=10 time=1.31 ms
--- . (ext4 /dev/sdb) ioping statistics ---
9 requests completed in 17.5 ms, 36 KiB read, 513 iops, 2.00 MiB/s
generated 10 requests in 9.00 s, 40 KiB, 1 iops, 4.44 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 985.4 us / 1.95 ms / 7.25 ms / 1.88 ms

root@voltest:/mnt/HC_Volume_12515109# ioping -c 10 .
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=1 time=713.3 us (warmup)
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=2 time=1.16 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=3 time=1.56 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=4 time=1.37 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=5 time=1.16 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=6 time=1.30 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=7 time=1.13 ms (fast)
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=8 time=1.49 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=9 time=1.38 ms
4 KiB <<< . (ext4 /dev/sdb): request=10 time=1.41 ms
--- . (ext4 /dev/sdb) ioping statistics ---
9 requests completed in 12.0 ms, 36 KiB read, 752 iops, 2.94 MiB/s
generated 10 requests in 9.00 s, 40 KiB, 1 iops, 4.44 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 1.13 ms / 1.33 ms / 1.56 ms / 143.6 us

Thank you so much for this. I wish Hetzner made it more clear that their volumes SUCK! This was causing so many problems for our Postgres cluster hosted on Cloud using their Volumes.

Thanks for your comment. I did a fresh run just now. Roughly:

• local SSD: fio halved, ioping doubled
• cloud volume: ioping doubled

Not great.

I read these Hetzner benchmarks as a volume has 10x slower performance than its local SSD. :-(

Thank you so much for this. I wish Hetzner made it more clear that their volumes SUCK! This was causing so many problems for our Postgres cluster hosted on Cloud using their Volumes.

Did you find a better solution? Heaving the same Problem with MySQL.

@stewartmcgown @Cluster2a Hi guys, what problems did you have hosting databases on cloud volumes, exactly?