https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/20966 repro

binding.c

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <node_api.h>

#define NAPI_CALL(call)        \
  do {                         \
    napi_status status = call; \
    assert(status == napi_ok); \
  } while (0)

struct {
  napi_ref ref;
  napi_async_work work;
} work_info = { NULL, NULL };

static void workerThread(napi_env env, void* data) {
  fprintf(stderr, "workerThread\n");
}

static void workComplete(napi_env env, napi_status status, void* data) {
  napi_value cb, js_status;
  NAPI_CALL(napi_get_reference_value(env, work_info.ref, &cb));
  NAPI_CALL(napi_delete_async_work(env, work_info.work));
  NAPI_CALL(napi_delete_reference(env, work_info.ref));
  work_info.work = NULL;
  work_info.ref = NULL;
  NAPI_CALL(napi_create_uint32(env, (uint32_t)status, &js_status));
  NAPI_CALL(napi_call_function(env, cb, cb, 1, &js_status, NULL));
}

static napi_value DoWork(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
  fprintf(stderr, "DoWork: Entering\n");
  size_t argc = 1;
  napi_value cb, name;
  NAPI_CALL(napi_get_cb_info(env, info, &argc, &cb, NULL, NULL));
  NAPI_CALL(napi_create_reference(env, cb, 1, &work_info.ref));
  NAPI_CALL(napi_create_string_utf8(env, "Test", NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH, &name));
  NAPI_CALL(napi_create_async_work(env, NULL, name, workerThread,
      workComplete, &work_info, &work_info.work));
  NAPI_CALL(napi_queue_async_work(env, work_info.work));
  fprintf(stderr, "DoWork: Exiting\n");
  return NULL;
}

NAPI_MODULE_INIT() {
  NAPI_CALL(napi_create_function(env, "doWork", NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH, DoWork, NULL,
      &exports));
  return exports;
}

binding.gyp

{
  'targets': [
    {
      'target_name': 'binding',
      'sources': [ 'binding.c' ]
    }
  ]
}

package.json

{
  "name": "20966-test-async-work",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "test.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
    "install": "node-gyp rebuild"
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "gypfile": true
}

test.js

const doWork = require('./build/Debug/binding');

let x = 0;
function workDone(status) {
  console.log(`JS: workDone: ${x++}: ${status}`);
  setImmediate(() => doWork(workDone));
}

doWork(workDone);