Running a multi-stage build on Fedora is possible without 'installing' Docker CE
FROM fedora:27 AS base
FROM base AS test
$ docker run -d --rm --privileged -p 23751:2375 --name dind docker:stable-dind --storage-driver overlay2
$ docker --host=:23751 build -t multi-stage .
To get the image locally, you can use:
$ docker --host=:23751 save -o ./out.tar multi-stage
$ docker load -i ./out.tar