My setup uses Ubuntu 22.04 running on Windows WSL2, which suppots executing GUI applications.
NOTE: I'm using VS Code Python Debugger extension version v2024.12.0 (ms-python.debugpy), which uses debugpy.
In my setup I'm running QGIS built from source, following the official instructions but using the internal libspatialindex (since the one shipped with Ubuntu 26 has the ABI breaking changes introduced after version 2.1, and which QGIS doesn't support. I have also disabled PDAL. The build command is cmake . -B build -DWITH_PDAL=0 -D WITH_INTERNAL_SPATIALINDEX=TRUE
My build is under /home/giohappy/dev/qgis/QGIS/build.