Selenium Webdriver CheatSheet

selenium-webdriver-cheatsheet.md

API workthough

1. Open a browser

   # start an instance of firefox with selenium-webdriver
   driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox
   # :chrome -> chrome
   # :ie     -> iexplore
   

• Go to a specified URL

  driver.get 'http://google.com'
  driver.navigate.to 'http://google.com'
  

  NOTE -- the WebDriver may not wait for the page to load, you'd better using explicit and implicit waits.

• Locating Elements

  • find_element -- Find the first element matching the given arguments.

  • find_elements -- Find all elements matching the given arguments

  • By ID

    # example html
    # <input id="q">...</input>
    	
    element = driver.find_element(:id, "q")
    

  • By Class Name

    # example html
    # <div class="highlight-java" style="display: none; ">...</div>
    
    element = driver.find_element(:class, 'highlight-java')
    # or
    element = driver.find_element(:class_name, 'highlight-java')
    

  • By Tag Name

    # example html
    # <div class="highlight-java" style="display: none; ">...</div>
    
    element = driver.find_element(:tag_name, 'div')
    

  • By Name

    # example html
    # <input id="q" name='search' type='text'>…</input>
    
    element = driver.find_element(:name, 'search')
    

  • By Link Text

    # example html
    # <a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=cheese">cheese</a>
    
    element = driver.find_element(:link, 'cheese')
    # or			
    element = driver.find_element(:link_text, 'cheese')
    

  • By Partial Link Text

    # example html
    # <a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=cheese">search for cheese</a>			
    element = driver.find_element(:partial_link_text, 'cheese')	
    

  • By XPath

    # example html
    # <ul class="dropdown-menu">
    #   <li><a href="/login/form">Login</a></li>
    #   <li><a href="/logout">Logout</a></li>
    # </ul>
    
    element = driver.find_element(:xpath, '//a[@href='/logout']')
    

    • NOTE -- When using Element#find_element with :xpath, be aware that,

      • webdriver follows standard conventions: a search prefixed with "//" will search the entire document, not just the children of this current node.
      • Use ".//" to limit your search to the children of the receiving Element.

  • By CSS Selector

      # example html
      # <div id="food">
      #   <span class="dairy">milk</span>
      #   <span class="dairy aged">cheese</span>
      # </div>
      
      element = driver.find_element(:css, #food span.dairy)
    

• Element's operation

  • Button/Link/Image

    driver.find_element(:id, 'BUTTON_ID).click
    

  • Text Filed

    # input some text
    driver.find_element(:id, 'TextArea').send_keys 'InputText'
    # send keyboard actions, press `ctral+a` & `backspace`
    driver.find_element(:id, 'TextArea').send_keys [:contol, 'a'], :backspace
    

  • Checkbox/Radio

    # check if it is selected
    driver.find_element(:id, 'CheckBox').selected?
    # select the element
    driver.find_element(:id, 'CheckBox').click
    # deselect the element
    driver.find_element(:id, 'CheckBox').clear
    

  • Select

    # get the select element	
    select = driver.find_element(:tag_name, "select")
    # get all the options for this element
    all_options = select.find_elements(:tag_name, "option")
    # select the options
    all_options.each do |option|
     puts "Value is: " + option.attribute("value")
     option.click
    end
    
    # anthoer way is using the Select class after seleniun-webdriver 2.14		
    element= driver.find_element(:tag_name,"select")
    select=Selenium::WebDriver::Support::Select.new(element)
    select.deselect_all()
    select.select_by(:text, "Edam")
    

  • visibility

    driver.find_element(:id,'Element').displayed?
    

  • get text

    driver.find_element(:id,'Element').text
    

  • get attribue

    driver.find_element(:id, 'Element').attribute('class')
    

• Driver's operation

  • execute javascript

      driver.execute_script("return window.location.pathname")
    

  • wait for a specific element to show up

      # set the timeout to 10 seconds
      wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout => 10)
      # wait 10 seconds until the element appear
      wait.until { driver.find_element(:id => "foo") }
    

  • implicit waits

  An implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available

  	driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox
  	# set the timeout for implicit waits as 10 seconds
  	driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10
  	
  	driver.get "http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading"
  	element = driver.find_element(:id => "some-dynamic-element")
  

  • switch between frames

      # switch to a frame
      driver.switch_to.frame "some-frame" # name or id
      driver.switch_to.frame driver.find_element(:id, 'some-frame') # frame element
      
      # switch back to the main document
      driver.switch_to.default_content
    

  • swich between windows

      driver.window_handles.each do |handle|
        driver.switch_to.window handle
      end
    

  • handle javascript dialog

      # get the alert
      a = driver.switch_to.alert
      # operation on the alert
      if a.text == 'A value you are looking for'
        a.dismiss
      else
        a.accept
      end
    

• Cookies

  • Delete cookies

      # You can delete cookies in 2 ways
      # By name
      driver.manage.delete_cookie("CookieName")
      # Or all of them
      driver.manage.delete_all_cookies