String TheoryStrings vibrate and create matter// source http://jsbin.com/kodexoq

jsbin.kodexoq.js

//String Manipulation

//Strings are essentially characters (or a lack of characters) put inside of quotes. They can
//be viewed essentially as "display-only", if you will, in that they don't contain a value
//that is represented by what they look like. In other words, a string could be
//"This string is the number six", but it would not be. The string would be, simply, that 
//series of characters in that order. They can be manipulated in many ways, outlined below.

//SOMEthing to keep in mind while looking at all of the below is that strings are immutable, which means
//they cannot be changed. Any of the manipulations you may perform to it--slice, turn into array, etc, these
//all simply produce a new string and do not change the original string.

//String length

//You can obtain the length of a string using the .length call:

var text = "Antelope Wedding"

console.log(text.length);

//Finding specific strings of characters inside a string
//If you want to find where a specific string of characters exists inside of a string
//you can use indexOf and it will return the numerical position at which that string of
//characters occurs. In this sense, string manipulatio methods like this are treating a
//string like an array, accessing each character numerically starting with 0, 
//which is, as you can see, useful in some ways,
//but it can be dangerous. Check the next entry.

var str = "Tell me where 'badminton' even exists";
console.log(str.indexOf("badminton"));

//search() for of it can take much more powerful search values (What does this mean? look up later)

//Extracting part of a string

//If you ever need to extract just part of a string there are three ways to do this.
//They're presented below along with their formatting.

//slice(start, end)
//substring(start, end)
//substr(start, length)

//slice

var str = "Euripedes, Eumendades, Eubuyades";
var res = str.slice(9,18);
console.log(res);

//substring

//The only difference is that substring cannot accept negatives.

//substr

//The only difference here is that it extracts from a starting point and ends at a designated length.
//This can be useful if, for whatever reason, you know how many characters you want removed but you don't
//know the exact position you want to end at ahead of time.

var str = "Poland, Agribiz, Terra";
var res = str.substr(7,6);
console.log(res);

//Replace

//Replacing within a string is an extremely useful ability. Any text you see in a video game, application,
//phone app, or any such thing often needs to be mutable or insterable--in other words, programs often need
//text or numbers that are subject to change based on input from user, moving to a different part of the program,
//or any number of similar reasons. This is easy with replace

roses = "Welcome to the jungle, it gets worse here every day!";
var n = roses.replace("worse","better");
console.log(n);

//The standard replacement will just replace the first match where the interpreter finds that string for
//the first time in the string. You can make it change all of the instances in a string by replacing the
//quotes with forward slashes and adding a g after the second. The g means global. 

roses = "Welcome to the jungle, it gets worse here every day! I say again, it's gotten worse.";
var n = roses.replace(/worse/g,"better");
console.log(n);

//uppercase and lowercase

//Changing a string definition to uppercase or lower case is extraordinarily useful
//for received prompted/asked for information from a user. If all you need to confirm
//or accurately portray or correctly program something is the correct strings in the
//correct order, in order for the program to keep moving smoothly, then these manipulations
//are your friend. You can change a received string to upper or lower case and then match
//that case to the input where the string is received and not worry about capitalization at all.

var meal = "lobster thermidor";
console.log(meal.toUpperCase());


//concatenation

//Concatenation is a fancy word for combining, and can be used the same way as the plus ( + ) operator.

var leia = "I love you.";
var han = " I know";
var lukeSad = leia.concat(han);

console.log(lukeSad);

//charAt

//The charAt manipulation is a way of finding what character is at what position in a string. This could be
//useful in a great many ways, not least of all the aforementioned string slicing. If you don't know where
//a character is in a string, you can find it this way.

var wheresWaldo = "All over the world in his stripey shirt. But what does he do for fun? Does he love?";
console.log(wheresWaldo.charAt(0));
console.log(wheresWaldo.charAt(1));
console.log(wheresWaldo.charAt(2));
console.log(wheresWaldo.charAt(3));
console.log(wheresWaldo.charAt(4));

//Strings as Arrays

//It is potentially hazardous to treat a string like an array. AS shown above you can access a string like
//an array, but it's best to remember that it isn't actually one, and to instead convert it into an array
//if you are keen to treat it like one.

//To convert a string to an array quite simply use the following method:

var murica = "United we stand, divided we flail.";
murica.split(",");
console.log(murica);