A simple script to test Synology NAS disk speed with hdparm, dd and fio

synology_disk_benchmark.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# =======================================================================================
#
# A simple script to test Synology NAS disk speed with hdparm, dd and fio.
#
# How to use:
#
# 1. Save synology_disk_benchmark.sh and xfio.conf to your Synology NAS
# 2. Make it executable: chmod +x synology_disk_benchmark.sh
# 3. Run: sudo ./synology_disk_benchmark.sh <test_name>
# 4. A report file <test_name>.md will be created
#
# =======================================================================================

filename=`echo "$@" | tr " " _`
filename="${filename,,}".md

volume=`dirname "$PWD"`
device=`df $volume | tail -1 | awk '{ print $1 }'`

echo $@
echo $@ > $filename

#########################################################################################

exec () {
	echo; echo ---; echo
	echo "$1"
	echo

	echo --- >> $filename
	echo '```bash' >> $filename
	echo "$1" >> $filename
	echo '```' >> $filename
	echo '```' >> $filename

	eval "$1" 2>&1 | tee -a $filename

	echo '```' >> $filename
}

#########################################################################################

#########################################################################################

read -r -d '' cmd << EOM
sudo hdparm -Tt $device
EOM

exec "$cmd"

#########################################################################################

read -r -d '' cmd << EOM
# create a 1 GiB test file with random data (it can take minutes)
head -c 1G </dev/urandom >test
# clear cache
sync; echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches > /dev/null
# read from test file, read 1 MiB each time, read 1024 times, total read 1 GiB
dd if=test of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
EOM

exec "$cmd"

#########################################################################################

read -r -d '' cmd << EOM
# write 0 to test file, write 1 GiB each time, write 2 times, total write 2 GiB
dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1G count=2 oflag=dsync
EOM

exec "$cmd"

#########################################################################################

read -r -d '' cmd << EOM
# write 0 to test file, write 128 MiB each time, write 8 times, total write 1 GiB
dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=128M count=8 oflag=dsync
EOM

exec "$cmd"

#########################################################################################

read -r -d '' cmd << EOM
# write 0 to test file, write 1 MiB each time, write 1024 times, total write 1 GiB
dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1M count=1024 oflag=dsync
EOM

exec "$cmd"

#########################################################################################

read -r -d '' cmd << EOM
# write 0 to test file, write 128 KiB each time, write 1024 times, total write 128 MiB
dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=128k count=1024 oflag=dsync
EOM

exec "$cmd"

#########################################################################################

read -r -d '' cmd << EOM
# write 0 to test file, write 4 KiB each time, write 1024 times, total write 4 MiB
dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=4k count=1024 oflag=dsync
EOM

exec "$cmd"

#########################################################################################

read -r -d '' cmd << EOM
# write 0 to test file, write 512 bytes each time, write 1024 times, total write 512 KiB
dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=512 count=1024 oflag=dsync
EOM

exec "$cmd"

#########################################################################################

read -r -d '' cmd << EOM
fio xfio.conf
EOM

exec "$cmd"

#########################################################################################

rm test
echo

xfio.conf

[global]
filename=test
ioengine=psync
direct=1
numjobs=1
iodepth=1
group_reporting
stonewall

[seq-read-1m]
name=seq-read-1m
size=5G
bs=1m
rw=read
stonewall

[seq-write-1m]
name=seq-write-1m
size=5G
bs=1m
rw=write
stonewall

[seq-read-4k]
name=seq-read-4k
size=1G
bs=4k
rw=read
stonewall

[seq-write-4k]
name=seq-write-4k
size=1G
bs=4k
rw=write
stonewall

[rand-read-1m]
name=rand-read-1m
size=1G
bs=1M
rw=randread
stonewall

[rand-write-1m]
name=rand-write-1m
size=1G
bs=1M
rw=randwrite
stonewall

[rand-read-4k]
name=rand-read-4k
size=100M
bs=4k
rw=randread
stonewall

[rand-write-4k]
name=rand-write-4k
size=100M
bs=4k
rw=randwrite
stonewall

On my Synology DS214+ with DSM 6.2.2-24922-4 the script didn't work. I installed as instructed and put them in the folder /root/syno hd speedtest. This line
#device=df $volume | tail -1 | awk '{ print $1 }'``

didn't work. Device (harddisc) was detected as /dev/root which of course is not correct so it gave an error:

sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/root
/dev/root: No such file or directory

As a workaround I set the device to /dev/md1
Now the script continued correctly... although creating the testfile took several minutes. Furthermore the test as a whole took very long, because my IronWolf 10TB has it's writecache disabled because of a stability issue in combination with DSM. This should be fixed in the SC61 firmware.

Update:
when you put the script inside your home folder for example /volume1/homes/username/hd speedtest it works and device/hd is detected as /dev/md1

My issue was with line

• head -c 1G </dev/urandom >test

it does not take minutes to create, more like an hour on my Synology, guess the random generator is not using the proper method
instead I used this:

• openssl rand -out test "$( echo 1G | numfmt --from=iec )"