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Notes on IKEA TRÅDFRI Smart Lighting
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Notes
Basic MQTT bridge can be found here:
https://github.com/hardillb/TRADFRI2MQTT
Bridge adds a mDNS entry for a COAP sever:
Service Type: _coap._udp
Service Name: gw:b0-72-bf-25-bf-59
Domain Name: local
Interface: wlan0 IPv4
Address: gw\058b0-72-bf-25-bf-59.local/192.168.1.111:5684
TXT version = 1.0.0008
Wireshark trace shows evidence of DTSL setup for the matching port:
3 8.838970 192.168.1.58 192.168.1.111 DTLSv1.2 111 Client Hello
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.1.58 (192.168.1.58), Dst: 192.168.1.111 (192.168.1.111)
User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: 36237 (36237), Dst Port: coaps (5684)
nodejs node
https://github.com/neustar/node-coap-dtls
Stuggling to get this to connect.
Looks like CoAP can be self describing, which is nice...
https://bitsex.net/software/2017/coap-endpoints-on-ikea-tradfri/
<//15001/reset>;ct=0,
<//15001>;ct=0;obs,
[65536,65537]
<//15001/65537>;ct=0;obs,
{"9001":"Living Room Light","3":{"0":"IKEA of Sweden","1":"TRADFRI bulb E27 opal 1000lm","2":"","3":"1.1.1.0-5.7.2.0","6":1},"9002":1491158817,"9020":1491327551,"9003":65537,"9054":1,"5750":2,"9019":1,"3311":[{"5850":1,"5851":5,"9003":0}]}
<//15001/65536>;ct=0;obs,
{"9001":"Living Room Dimmer","3":{"0":"IKEA of Sweden","1":"TRADFRI wireless dimmer","2":"","3":"1.1.1.1-5.7.2.0","6":3,"9":16},"9002":1491156042,"9020":1491331077,"9003":65536,"9054":0,"5750":0,"9019":1,"15009":[{"9003":0}]}
<//15004>;ct=0;obs,
<//15004/add>;ct=0,
<//15004/remove>;ct=0,
<//15004/138191>;ct=0;obs,
{"9001":"Living Room","9002":1491158740,"9003":138191,"5850":1,"5851":0,"9039":215546,"9018":{"15002":{"9003":[65536,65537]}}}
<//15005>;ct=0;obs,
<//15005/138191>;ct=0;obs,
[197802,215546,197100]
<//15005/138191/197802>;ct=0;obs,
{"9057":0,"9001":"EVERYDAY","9068":1,"9002":1491158740,"9003":197802,"15013":[{"5850":1,"5851":203,"9003":65537}]}
<//15005/138191/215546>;ct=0;obs,
{"9057":1,"9001":"RELAX","9068":1,"9002":1491158740,"9003":215546,"15013":[{"5850":1,"5851":25,"9003":65537}]}
<//15005/138191/197100>;ct=0;obs,
{"9057":2,"9001":"FOCUS","9068":1,"9002":1491158740,"9003":197100,"15013":[{"5850":1,"5851":254,"9003":65537}]}
<//status>;ct=0;obs,
{}
<//15006>;ct=0;obs,
[{"9002":1491247648,"9014":0,"9015":5001},{"9002":1491330758,"9014":0,"9015":1004}]
<//15011/15012>;ct=0;obs,
{"9023":"pool.ntp.org","9029":"1.1.0015","9059":1491333388,"9081":"7e1151520440017d","9060":"2017-04-04T19:16:28.004712Z","9062":0,"9061":0,"9054":0,"9055":0,"9079":0,"9066":5,"9069":1491246077,"9080":0,"9071":1,"9077":0,"9072":0,"9073":0,"9074":0,"9076":0,"9075":0,"9078":0}
<//15011/9030>;ct=0,
<//15011/9031>;ct=0,
<//15011/9033>;ct=0,
<//15011/9034>;ct=0,
<//15011/9063>;ct=0,
<//15010>;ct=0;obs
[]
java -jar cf-client-1.1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar -psk GET coaps://192.168.1.111//15001/65537
{"9001":"Living Room Light","9002":1491158817,"5750":2,"9020":1491232251,"3":{"0":"IKEA of Sweden","1":"TRADFRI bulb E27 opal 1000lm","3":"1.1.1.0-5.7.2.0","2":"","6":1},"9054":0,"9003":65537,"9019":1,"3311":[{"5850":0,"5851":1,"9003":0}]}
java -jar cf-client-1.1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar -psk PUT coaps://192.168.1.111//15001/65537 '{"9001":"Living Room Light","9002":1491158817,"5750":2,"9020":1491232251,"3":{"0":"IKEA of Sweden","1":"TRADFRI bulb E27 opal 1000lm","3":"1.1.1.0-5.7.2.0","2":"","6":1},"9054":0,"9003":65537,"9019":1,"3311":[{"5850":1,"5851":1,"9003":0}]}'
Turned on the light
@Hedda
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Hedda commented Apr 4, 2017 •
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FYI; some more related links about cracking Ikea Trådfri Gateway CoAP communication:

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7252

https://bitsex.net/software/2017/coap-endpoints-on-ikea-tradfri/

https://bitsex.net/software/2017/ikea-tradfri-zigbee-lights/

https://community.home-assistant.io/t/ikea-tradfri-gateway-zigbee/14788/8

https://www.domoticz.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=56&t=13882

http://www.domoticz.com/wiki/Talk:Ikea_Tradfri_Gateway

bwssytems/ha-bridge#570

And slightly off-topic are these projects on hacking Ikea Trådfri end devices:
http://www.automatiserar.se/ikeas-tradlos-med-arduino/
https://github.com/Ispep/Hemautomation/tree/master/Arduino/ZigBeeLampan
https://www.heise.de/make/artikel/Ikea-Tradfri-Anleitung-fuer-ein-ESP8266-Lampen-Gateway-3598411.html
https://www.heise.de/make/artikel/Ikea-Tradfri-Das-steckt-im-Smart-Home-aus-dem-Moebelhaus-3597295.html
Just in case it might be easier to debug if have deeper control of end hardware devices.

@Hedda
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Hedda commented Apr 5, 2017 •
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bwssytems/ha-bridge#570

Sound as Ikea have choosen to base their implementation on OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) recommended standard of those three logical components; CoAP, and DTLS layers of the LWM2M (Lightweight M2M) protocol stack.

"Lightweight M2M (LWM2M) is a system standard in the Open Mobile Alliance. It includes DTLS, CoAP, Block, Observe, SenML and Resource Directory and weaves them into a device-server interface along with an Object structure."

http://openmobilealliance.org/data-models-for-the-internet-of-things/

https://connect2.io/open-mobile-alliance-lightweightm2m-oma-lwm2m/

https://iot.eclipse.org/standards/

https://eclipse.org/community/eclipse_newsletter/2014/february/article2.php

OMA LightweightM2M (LWM2M) standard:
http://openmobilealliance.org/iot/
http://openmobilealliance.org/iot/lightweight-m2m-lwm2m/
http://www.openmobilealliance.org/wp/Overviews/lightweightm2m_overview.html
http://www.openmobilealliance.org/wp/OMNA/LwM2M/LwM2MRegistry.html
http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/profiles/
https://github.com/OpenMobileAlliance/OMA_LwM2M_for_Developers/wiki
http://devtoolkit.openmobilealliance.org/OEditor/Legal?back=Default
http://www.openmobilealliance.org/wp/comments.html
https://github.com/OpenMobileAlliance/OMA_LwM2M_for_Developers/issues
http://openmobilealliance.hs-sites.com/keep_updated

The Wakaama project covers the LWM2M Protocol, CoAP, and DTLS layers of the LwM2M protocol stack for all three logical components. Wakaama is not a library but files to be built with an application. The Eclipse Wakaama project provides a C portable framework for building LWM2M clients and/or servers. The source code of Wakaama is available from the project webpage. It is written in C and designed to be portable on POSIX compliant systems.

http://www.eclipse.org/wakaama/

The Eclipse Leshan project provides a Java implementation of LwM2M, allowing to build LwM2M servers and clients. The source code of Leshan is available from the project webpage.

http://www.eclipse.org/leshan/

Another option from Eclipse is Californium CoAP client programmed in Java which also supports DTLS

https://eclipse.org/californium/

https://github.com/cetic/6lbr/wiki/Example-:-Dtls-Coap-Server

https://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc/resources/californium/cf-dtls-thesis.pdf

@hardillb
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hardillb commented Apr 5, 2017 •
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Yeah, I'm really looking for a working nodejs dtls/coap client but I've not found one that actually works yet.

It looks like native DTLS may be on it's way to NodeJS
nodejs/node#2398

@fasmide
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fasmide commented Apr 5, 2017 •
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Hi there

You mentioned wireshark - the traffic is really easy to decrypt just by entering the preshared key in Preferences -> Protocol -> DTLS -> preshared key (must be entered as hex)

Also, i think it is required with a somewhat new build of wireshark - im using wireshark 2.3.0~rc0 where it decrypts perfectly just by entering the preshared key from the box

Edit: i also think you need to have the entire conversation captured in wireshark at least from the start where the ssl/dtls handshaking takes place... :)

@hardillb
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hardillb commented Apr 6, 2017

@fasmide my version of wireshark (on Ubuntu 14.04) is too old for DTSL decoding, I need to upgrade at some point, but I'm doing ok with out it.

@Hedda
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Hedda commented Apr 7, 2017

FYI, looks like ha-bridge issue 570 have become a collective point for links and notes about progress around different integrations and implementations

bwssytems/ha-bridge#570

Some of the new links to code implementations in different programming languages include:

https://github.com/stenehall/homebridge-ikea

https://gist.github.com/hvanderlaan/3d8e11869f86ba94d9d6df1c815af3aa

https://github.com/ggravlingen/home-assistant/blob/master/extraconfig/python_code/ikea.py

https://gist.github.com/r41d/65be2c7a111ac6c32f24d762ba38612c

https://community.home-assistant.io/t/ikea-tradfri-gateway-zigbee-very-basic-working-implementation/14788/20

r41d found an intersting class in the Android App, after decompliling with apktool, it is located in

 com/ikea/tradfri/lighting/ipso/IPSOObjects.java.

Here's his upload: http://sprunge.us/CCQF

@hardillb
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hardillb commented Apr 7, 2017

DTLS-CoAP wireshark dissector -> https://github.com/msangoi/dtls-coap-dissector

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