Explicit Dockerfile with explicit tools RUNs to understand what is needed for each tool. To be used only for exploration, as it is very underperformant.

Explicit.Dockerfile

# syntax=docker/dockerfile:experimental
FROM composer:2 AS composer
FROM php:8.4-fpm-bookworm

ENV CFLAGS ""
ENV CPPFLAGS ""
ENV LDFLAGS ""

RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt/lists \
    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y \
        locales \
        locales-all \
        unzip \
        git \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apt/*

# ZIP
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt/lists \
    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $PHPIZE_DEPS libzip-dev libzip4 \
    && docker-php-ext-install zip \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $PHPIZE_DEPS libzip-dev \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apt/*

# INTL
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt/lists \
    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $PHPIZE_DEPS libicu-dev \
    && docker-php-ext-configure intl \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $PHPIZE_DEPS libicu-dev \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apt/*

# GD
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt/lists \
    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $PHPIZE_DEPS libpng-dev libjpeg62-turbo-dev libfreetype6-dev \
    && docker-php-ext-configure gd --with-freetype --with-jpeg \
    && docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc) gd \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $PHPIZE_DEPS \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apt/*

# FTP
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt/lists \
    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $PHPIZE_DEPS \
    && docker-php-ext-install ftp \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $PHPIZE_DEPS \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apt/*

# SOAP
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt/lists \
    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $PHPIZE_DEPS  libxml2-dev\
    && docker-php-ext-install soap \
    && docker-php-ext-enable soap \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $PHPIZE_DEPS \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apt/*

# OPcache
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt/lists \
    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $PHPIZE_DEPS \
    && docker-php-ext-install opcache \
    && docker-php-ext-enable opcache \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $PHPIZE_DEPS \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apt/*

# Mysql/MariaDb
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt/lists \
    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $PHPIZE_DEPS \
    && docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $PHPIZE_DEPS \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apt/*

# Redis
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt/lists \
    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $PHPIZE_DEPS libzip-dev \
    && pecl install redis-6.1.0 \
    && docker-php-ext-enable redis \
    && pecl clear-cache \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $PHPIZE_DEPS libzip-dev \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apt/*

# MongoDB
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt/lists \
    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $PHPIZE_DEPS libzip-dev \
    && pecl install mongodb-1.21.0 \
    && docker-php-ext-enable mongodb \
    && pecl clear-cache \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $PHPIZE_DEPS libzip-dev \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apt/*

# Kafka
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt/lists \
    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $PHPIZE_DEPS librdkafka-dev \
    && pecl install rdkafka-6.0.5 \
    && docker-php-ext-enable rdkafka \
    && pecl clear-cache \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $PHPIZE_DEPS \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apt/*

ARG phpmemlimit=2G
RUN cp /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini-development /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini \
    && sed -i "s/memory_limit = .*/memory_limit = ${phpmemlimit}/" /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini;

# Install PCOV, which is used for running phpunit with coverage, faster
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt/lists \
    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $PHPIZE_DEPS \
    && pecl install -o -f pcov \
    && docker-php-ext-enable pcov \
    && pecl clear-cache \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $PHPIZE_DEPS \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apt/*

# Install Xdebug
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt/lists \
    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $PHPIZE_DEPS \
    && pecl install -f xdebug \
    && docker-php-ext-enable xdebug \
    && pecl clear-cache \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $PHPIZE_DEPS \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apt/*

# Dev tooling that might have been removed in previous steps
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt/lists \
    --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt \
    apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y make \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apt/*

# Set composer home directory
ENV COMPOSER_HOME=/.composer
ENV COMPOSER_ALLOW_SUPERUSER=1
COPY --from=composer /usr/bin/composer /usr/bin/composer

WORKDIR /app