You can download Debian Live install images from the official website. Both the stable and testing releases are available. Choose the one that suits your needs.
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Boot into the Live environment.
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Open a terminal emulator.
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Locate the file that defines the password policy:
sudo find /etc/calamares -name "*users.conf"
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Open the file using your preferred text editor (I'll be using
nano
):sudo nano /etc/calamares/modules/users.conf
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You’ll see something like this:
passwordRequirements: nonempty: true minLength: -1 maxLength: 0 libpwquality: - minlen=0 - minclass=0
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Comment out or remove the existing values, and update the section to look like this:
passwordRequirements: minLength: 1
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Now, (re-)launch the Calamares installer.
You should now be able to set a simple password without any restrictions - though it's not recommended for bare-metal installations.