QueuePartitionerTest

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;

import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;

public class MessageProcessor {

    private static final long CLEANUP_PERIOD_S = 10;
    private final Map<Long, ConvoQueue> queuesByConvo = new HashMap<>();
    private final ExecutorService executorService;

    public MessageProcessor(int nbThreads) {
        executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(nbThreads);
        ScheduledExecutorService cleanupScheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
        cleanupScheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(this::removeEmptyQueues, CLEANUP_PERIOD_S, CLEANUP_PERIOD_S, SECONDS);
    }

    public void addMessageToProcess(Message message) {
        ConvoQueue queue = getQueue(message.getConversationId());
        queue.addMessage(message);
    }

    private ConvoQueue getQueue(Long convoId) {
        synchronized (queuesByConvo) {
            return queuesByConvo.computeIfAbsent(convoId, p -> new ConvoQueue(executorService));
        }
    }

    private void removeEmptyQueues() {
        synchronized (queuesByConvo) {
            queuesByConvo.entrySet().removeIf(entry -> entry.getValue().isEmpty());
        }
    }

}


class ConvoQueue {

    private Queue<MessageTask> queue;
    private MessageTask activeTask;
    private ExecutorService executorService;

    ConvoQueue(ExecutorService executorService) {
        this.executorService = executorService;
        this.queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
    }

    private void runNextIfPossible() {
        synchronized(this) {
            if (activeTask == null) {
                activeTask = queue.poll();
                if (activeTask != null) {
                    executorService.submit(activeTask);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    void complete(MessageTask task) {
        synchronized(this) {
            if (task == activeTask) {
                activeTask = null;
                runNextIfPossible();
            }
            else {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Attempt to complete task that is not supposed to be active: "+task);
            }
        }
    }

    boolean isEmpty() {
        return queue.isEmpty();
    }

    void addMessage(Message message) {
        add(new MessageTask(this, message));
    }

    private void add(MessageTask task) {
        synchronized(this) {
            queue.add(task);
            runNextIfPossible();
        }
    }

}

public class MessageTask implements Runnable {

    private ConvoQueue convoQueue;
    private Message message;

    MessageTask(ConvoQueue convoQueue, Message message) {
        this.convoQueue = convoQueue;
        this.message = message;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            processMessage();
        }
        finally {
            convoQueue.complete(this);
        }
    }

    private void processMessage() {
        // Dummy processing with random delay to observe reordered messages & preserved convo order
        try {
            Thread.sleep((long) (50*Math.random()));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(message);
    }

}

class Message {

    private long id;
    private long conversationId;
    private String data;

    Message(long id, long conversationId, String someData) {
        this.id = id;
        this.conversationId = conversationId;
        this.data = someData;
    }

    long getConversationId() {
        return conversationId;
    }

    String getData() {
        return data;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "Message{" + id + "," + conversationId + "," + data + "}";
    }
}

public class MessageProcessorTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MessageProcessor test = new MessageProcessor(2);
        for (int i=1; i<100; i++) {
            test.addMessageToProcess(new Message(1000+i,i%7,"hi "+i));
        }
        // Kill after 4 seconds for online test
        try {Thread.sleep(4000);} catch(Exception e) {}
        System.exit(0);
    }
}