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| # Example animations using matplotlib's FuncAnimation | |
| # Ken Hughes. 18 June 2016. | |
| # For more detail, see | |
| # https://brushingupscience.wordpress.com/2016/06/21/matplotlib-animations-the-easy-way/ | |
| # Examples include | |
| # - line plot | |
| # - pcolor plot | |
| # - scatter plot | |
| # - contour plot | |
| # - quiver plot | |
| # - plot with changing labels | |
| import numpy as np | |
| import matplotlib.pyplot as plt | |
| from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation | |
| # Use matplotlib ggplot stylesheet if available | |
| try: | |
| plt.style.use('ggplot') | |
| except: | |
| pass | |
| # Set which type of animation will be plotted. One of: | |
| # line, pcolor, scatter, contour, quiver, labels | |
| animation_type = 'line' | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Create data to plot. F is 2D array. G is 3D array | |
| # Create a two-dimensional array of data: F(x, t) | |
| x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 91) | |
| t = np.linspace(0, 25, 30) | |
| X2, T2 = np.meshgrid(x, t) | |
| sinT2 = np.sin(2*np.pi*T2/T2.max()) | |
| F = 0.9*sinT2*np.sinc(X2*(1 + sinT2)) | |
| # Create three-dimensional array of data G(x, z, t) | |
| x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 91) | |
| t = np.linspace(0, 25, 30) | |
| y = np.linspace(-3, 3, 91) | |
| X3, Y3, T3 = np.meshgrid(x, y, t) | |
| sinT3 = np.sin(2*np.pi*T3 / | |
| T3.max(axis=2)[..., np.newaxis]) | |
| G = (X3**2 + Y3**2)*sinT3 | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Set up the figure and axis | |
| fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(4, 3)) | |
| if animation_type not in ['line', 'scatter']: | |
| ax.set_aspect('equal') | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| if animation_type == 'line': | |
| ax.set(xlim=(-3, 3), ylim=(-1, 1)) | |
| line = ax.plot(x, F[0, :], color='k', lw=2)[0] | |
| def animate(i): | |
| line.set_ydata(F[i, :]) | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| if animation_type == 'pcolor': | |
| cax = ax.pcolormesh(x, y, G[:-1, :-1, 0], vmin=-1, vmax=1, cmap='Blues') | |
| fig.colorbar(cax) | |
| def animate(i): | |
| cax.set_array(G[:-1, :-1, i].flatten()) | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| if animation_type == 'scatter': | |
| ax.set(xlim=(-3, 3), ylim=(-1, 1)) | |
| scat = ax.scatter(x[::3], F[0, ::3]) | |
| def animate(i): | |
| # Must pass scat.set_offsets an N x 2 array | |
| y_i = F[i, ::3] | |
| scat.set_offsets(np.c_[x[::3], y_i]) | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| if animation_type == 'contour': | |
| # Keyword options used in every call to contour | |
| contour_opts = {'levels': np.linspace(-9, 9, 10), 'cmap':'RdBu', 'lw': 2} | |
| cax = ax.contour(x, y, G[..., 0], **contour_opts) | |
| def animate(i): | |
| ax.collections = [] | |
| ax.contour(x, y, G[..., i], **contour_opts) | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| if animation_type == 'quiver': | |
| ax.set(xlim=(-4, 4), ylim=(-4, 4)) | |
| # Plot every 20th arrow | |
| step = 15 | |
| x_q, y_q = x[::step], y[::step] | |
| # Create U and V vectors to plot | |
| U = G[::step, ::step, :-1].copy() | |
| V = np.roll(U, shift=4, axis=2) | |
| qax = ax.quiver(x_q, y_q, U[..., 0], V[..., 0], scale=100) | |
| def animate(i): | |
| qax.set_UVC(U[..., i], V[..., i]) | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| if animation_type == 'labels': | |
| ax.set(xlim=(-1, 1), ylim=(-1, 1)) | |
| string_to_type = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123' | |
| label = ax.text(0, 0, string_to_type[0], | |
| ha='center', va='center', | |
| fontsize=12) | |
| def animate(i): | |
| label.set_text(string_to_type[:i+1]) | |
| ax.set_ylabel('Time (s): ' + str(i/10)) | |
| ax.set_title('Frame ' + str(i)) | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Save the animation | |
| anim = FuncAnimation(fig, animate, interval=100, frames=len(t)-1, repeat=True) | |
| fig.show() | |
| # anim.save(animation_type + '.gif', writer='imagemagick') |
Exactly what I was looking for. Many thanks!
Thanks hugke!
I have copied the code and pasted it in PyCharm, all what i got was a still plot :(
I have also tried Jupyter, it didn't work
@Boud811: are your standard figure windows (ie not animations) in PyCharm or Jupyter interactive (as in there are buttons for zoom, pan, save etc). If not, then animation will not work.
Thank you! This helps me a lot.
Im trying this using a dataset,buut it doesnt display
Kiruthika65, you need to provide more detail. How are you applying the method? What's not working?
Hi - I copied your code straight into a new Python file and tried to run it - the plot window appears for a blip, then disappears and the program ends. I am using Python 3.9 and mplotlib 3.3.3
@dbiersach Any error messages? There's multiple reasons for what you describe happening
Glad it's fixed. This sounds like on of those issues that depends on the exact configuration of the Python / IPython / Jupyter set up
Thanks for the wonderful tutorial!
I tried pcolor. This is my code:
import matplotlib
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 91)
t = np.linspace(0, 25, 30)
y = np.linspace(-3, 3, 91)
X3, Y3, T3 = np.meshgrid(x, y, t)
sinT3 = np.sin(2*np.pi*T3 /
T3.max(axis=2)[..., np.newaxis])
G = (X3**2 + Y3**2)*sinT3
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(4, 3))
ax.set_aspect('equal')
cax = ax.pcolormesh(x, y, G[:-1, :-1, 0], vmin=-1, vmax=1, cmap='Blues')
fig.colorbar(cax)
def animate(i):
cax.set_array(G[:-1, :-1, i].flatten())
# Save the animation
anim = FuncAnimation(fig, animate, interval=100, frames=len(t)-1, repeat=True)
matplotlib.use('module://ipykernel.pylab.backend_inline')
#fig.canvas.draw()
fig.show()
# anim.save(animation_type + '.gif', writer='imagemagick')I got this error:
<ipython-input-26-94ea5fa97086>:24: UserWarning: Matplotlib is currently using module://ipykernel.pylab.backend_inline, which is a non-GUI backend, so cannot show the figure.
fig.show()
Do you have an idea on how to fix this?
@engsk As the error message states, you're trying to show something that can't be shown given your choice of backend. Your choice of the inline backend is something for generating static images like a PNG file. You need to use something else like Agg, Qt5Agg, or notebook. It'll depend on your set up.
Also, put the matplotlib.use statement at the top.
Actually I'm trying to live-plot data captured with an ADC. Tried your code in order to learn about live plotting of real-time data. All I get is a blank window opening with a Windows-message "figure 1 - no feedback" and subsequent manual kernel reset. I'm using python 3.8.10 and matplotlib 3.7.1. The code is run under Spyder IDE 5.4.3. Any idea about the possible issue?
@AxRuPyth It sounds like your issue isn't necessarily an animation issue. It sounds more like either a hardware issue or a graphics backend issue. Good luck
Really helpful, thanks a lot!