Terraform variable Map Type Explained

terraform-map-variable.tf

Example 1
===============================
Maps are a way to create variables that are lookup tables. An example will show this best. Let's extract our AMIs into a map and add support for the us-west-2 region as well:

variable "amis" {
  type = "map"
  default = {
    "us-east-1" = "ami-b374d5a5"
    "us-west-2" = "ami-4b32be2b"
  }
}

A variable can have a map type assigned explicitly, or it can be implicitly declared as a map by specifying a default value that is a map. The above demonstrates both.

Then, replace the aws_instance with the following:
resource "aws_instance" "example" {
  ami           = var.amis[var.region]
  instance_type = "t2.micro"
}

Example 2
===============================
variable "plans" {
    type = "map"
    default = {
        "5USD"  = "1xCPU-1GB"
        "10USD" = "1xCPU-2GB"
        "20USD" = "2xCPU-4GB"
    }
}
plan = "${var.plans["5USD"]}"

The values matching to their keys can also be used to look up information in other maps. For example, underneath is a short list of plans and their corresponding storage sizes.
variable "storage_sizes" {
    type = "map"
    default = {
        "1xCPU-1GB"  = "25"
        "1xCPU-2GB"  = "50"
        "2xCPU-4GB"  = "80"
    }
}
These can then be used to find the right storage size based on the monthly price as defined in the previous example.

size = "${lookup(var.storage_sizes, var.plans["5USD"])}"

variable "set_password" {
    default = false
}

Example 3
===============================
# Use Case of for_each

variable "account_name" {
   type = "map"
  default = {
      "account1" = "devops1"
      "account2" = "devops2"
      "account3" = "devops3"
}
}
resource "aws_iam_user" "iamuser" {
  for_each = var.account_name
  name = "${each.value}-iam"
}

Example 4
=============================
variable "grps" {
  type = map
  default 	= {
    one = "hello1"
    two = "hello2"
  }
}
resource "azurerm_resource_group" "mapdemo1" {
  name     = var.grps["one"]
  location = "South India"
}

output "resource_group" { 
	value = azurerm_resource_group.mapdemo1.grps["one"]
 }
 
Example 5
===============================
variable "grps" {
  type = map
  default 	= {
    "one" = "hello1"
    "two" = "hello2"
  }
}
resource "azurerm_resource_group" "mapdemo1" {
  name     = var.grps["one"]
  location = "South India"
}

output "resource_group" { 
	value = azurerm_resource_group.mapdemo1.grps["one"]
 }