mysqldump commands

mysqldump.txt

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13484667/downloading-mysql-dump-from-command-line

If it's an entire DB, then:
   $ mysqldump -u [uname] -p[pass] db_name > db_backup.sql

If it's all DBs, then:
   $ mysqldump -u [uname] -p[pass] --all-databases > all_db_backup.sql

If it's specific tables within a DB, then:
   $ mysqldump -u [uname] -p[pass] db_name table1 table2 > table_backup.sql

You can even go as far as auto-compressing the output using gzip (if your DB is very big):
   $ mysqldump -u [uname] -p[pass] db_name | gzip > db_backup.sql.gz

If you want to do this remotely and you have the access to the server in question, then the following would work (presuming the MySQL server is on port 3306):
   $ mysqldump -P 3306 -h [ip_address] -u [uname] -p[pass] db_name > db_backup.sql
   
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Import: 
   mysql > use DB_NAME
   mysql > source PATH_TO_SQL