Extending the WordPress Media Uploader: Sending HTML to Editor | http://www.ibenic.com/extending-wordpress-media-uploader-sending-html-to-editor

send_to_editor.php

<?php

add_filter( 'media_send_to_editor', 'ibenic_media_send_to_editor', 10, 3 );

/**
 * Changing the HTML to the editor
 * @param  string $html       
 * @param  number $id         
 * @param  array $attachment 
 * @return string             
 */
function ibenic_media_send_to_editor( $html, $id, $attachment ) {
     
    if( isset( $attachment['loggedIn'] ) && $attachment['loggedIn'] == true ) {
         
        $html = '[only-logged-in-image]' . $html . '[/only-logged-in-image]';

    }
 
    return $html;
}

shortcode.php

<?php

/**
 * Shortcode for Only Logged In Images
 * @param  array $atts    
 * @param  string $content 
 * @return string          
 */
function only_logged_in_image( $atts, $content = null ) {

    $user_id = get_current_user_id();
    
    if( $user_id > 0 ) {
        return apply_filters( 'only_logged_in_image', $content, $user_id );
    }

    return false;
}
add_shortcode( 'only-logged-in-image', 'only_logged_in_image' );