A tool I've used a few times in various Android samples. I've simplified and greatly generalized this from some code I helped write for a friend. This class helps fetch lots of images in a background thread pool, executing a callback on a main thread when complete. This code caches the images locally, opting to fetch first from the cache before …

ImageFetcher.java

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Base64;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * This class wraps a common pattern: fetching many images in a background
 * thread pool for Android applications and caching them for future use.
 * 
 * A very common requirement in Android applications is the need to create, for
 * instance, a ListView containing lots of images which are loaded from remote
 * URLs. Often times, these images are not expected to change, and it would be
 * most useful to cache the images on local disk such that on future fetches of
 * the URL, the data is fetched locally from disk cache rather than making an
 * expensive and slow network call. This class wraps:
 * 
 * <ul>
 * <li>Creating a thread pool to manage outstanding requests so we don't thread
 * bomb ourselves</li>
 * <li>Passing URLs to fetch, executing a callback when the URL has been
 * fetched. The fetcher instance then checks for the presence of the data in the
 * cache. If it exists, the fetcher returns the cached data. If it does not
 * exist, the fetcher fetches the data in a background thread, saves it to disk,
 * then executes the completion callback.</li>
 * </ul>
 * 
 * Here's how this class might be used in a custom implementation of
 * ArrayAdapter
 * 
 * <pre>
 * private static class MyCustomAdapter extends ArrayAdapter&lt;MyCustomClass&gt; {
 * 	private Activity mContext;
 * 	private int mLayoutResourceId;
 * 
 * 	// You don't need many instances of this class
 * 	private ImageFetcher mFetcher;
 * 
 * 	public MyCustomAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId) {
 * 		super(context, textViewResourceId);
 * 		mContext = (Activity) context;
 * 		mLayoutResourceId = textViewResourceId;
 * 
 * 		mFetcher = new ImageFetcher(mContext);
 * 	}
 * 
 * 	&#064;Override
 * 	public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
 * 		View rowView = convertView;
 * 		if (rowView == null) {
 * 			LayoutInflater inflater = mContext.getLayoutInflater();
 * 			rowView = inflater.inflate(mLayoutResourceId, null);
 * 		}
 * 
 * 		// Make sure we are in bounds and draw the item
 * 		if (position &lt; getCount()) {
 * 			MyCustomClass myData = getItem(position);
 * 
 * 			// Add an image fetch job to the queue
 * 			// Assumes presence of an ImageView with ID thumbnail
 * 			final ImageView thumbnail = (ImageView) rowView
 * 					.findViewById(R.id.thumbnail);
 * 
 * 			ImageFetcher.ImageFetchJob job = new ImageFetcher.ImageFetchJob(
 * 					myData.getThumbnailUrl());
 * 			job.setOnFetchCompleteListener(new ImageFetcher.OnFetchCompleteListener() {
 * 
 * 				&#064;Override
 * 				public void onFetchComplete(Bitmap result) {
 * 					thumbnail.setImageBitmap(result);
 * 				}
 * 			});
 * 
 * 			mFetcher.enqueue(job);
 * 		}
 * 		return rowView;
 * 	}
 * }
 * </pre>
 * 
 * @author Ikai Lan <[email protected]>
 */
public class ImageFetcher {
	private static final String TAG = ImageFetcher.class.getSimpleName();

	public final static int DEFAULT_THREAD_POOL_SIZE = 3;

	private Context mContext;
	private ExecutorService mExecutor;

	/**
	 * Interface for implementing a callback to be executed on the UI thread
	 * when the data has been fetched either from the remote server or the local
	 * cache.
	 * 
	 * @author Ikai Lan <[email protected]>
	 */
	public static interface OnFetchCompleteListener {
		public void onFetchComplete(Bitmap result);
	}

	/**
	 * Dummy class to execute when we have completed the job. This is the
	 * default listener.
	 * 
	 * @author Ikai Lan <[email protected]>
	 */
	private static class DefaultFetchCompleteListener implements
			OnFetchCompleteListener {
		@Override
		public void onFetchComplete(Bitmap result) {
			Log.d(TAG,
					"Fetch completed. Override this if fetch should do something.");
		}

	}

	/**
	 * This class represents a job to fetch some data and cache it locally.
	 * Invokes an instance of OnFetchCompleteListener when completed.
	 */
	public static class ImageFetchJob {
		private final String mUrl;
		private OnFetchCompleteListener mCallback;

		/**
		 * 
		 * @param url
		 *            the url to fetch
		 */
		public ImageFetchJob(String url) {
			mUrl = url;
			mCallback = new DefaultFetchCompleteListener();
		}

		/**
		 * @return the URL this job is responsible for fetching
		 */
		public String getUrl() {
			return mUrl;
		}

		/**
		 * Sets a callback to be executed when the data either has been fetched
		 * from the remote server or from the cache. The callback is executed on
		 * the UI thread.
		 * 
		 * @param callback
		 *            a callback to be executed on the UI thread
		 */
		public void setOnFetchCompleteListener(OnFetchCompleteListener callback) {
			mCallback = callback;
		}

		/**
		 * @return the callback to be executed when this job has completed
		 */
		public OnFetchCompleteListener getOnFetchCompleteListener() {
			return mCallback;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a new ImageFetcher. Uses a thread pool size of
	 * {@link ImageFetcher#DEFAULT_THREAD_POOL_SIZE}.
	 * 
	 * @param context
	 *            the calling {@link Context}
	 */
	public ImageFetcher(Context context) {
		this(context, DEFAULT_THREAD_POOL_SIZE);
	}

	/**
	 * Constructor that allows us to specific a thread pool size.
	 * 
	 * @param context
	 *            a calling context to provide a UI thread
	 * @param threadPoolSize
	 *            a thread pool size to use
	 */
	public ImageFetcher(Context context, int threadPoolSize) {
		mContext = context;
		mExecutor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadPoolSize);

	}

	/**
	 * Adds an ImageFetchJob to the queue. If the data has already been fetched
	 * and exists in our local cache, execute the onFetchCompleteListener
	 * callback immediately. Otherwise, queue it to be run on the UI thread.
	 * 
	 * @param job
	 *            the {@link ImageFetchJob} to enqueue
	 */
	public void enqueue(final ImageFetchJob job) {
		if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(job.getUrl())) {
			final Bitmap cachedBitmap = getCachedBitmap(job.getUrl());
			if (cachedBitmap != null) {
				Runnable callback = new Runnable() {
					public void run() {
						job.getOnFetchCompleteListener().onFetchComplete(
								cachedBitmap);
					}
				};
				((Activity) mContext).runOnUiThread(callback);
			} else {
				run(job);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * In the thread poll we have instantiated, queue or run the
	 * {@link ImageFetchJob}. We will want to write the response to the cache
	 * for future calls of {@link #queueFetchJob(ImageFetchJob)} to simplly
	 * return the data.
	 * 
	 * @param job
	 *            a job to run on the thread pool
	 */
	private void run(final ImageFetchJob job) {
		mExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				File cacheFile = cacheFileFromUrl(job.getUrl());

				try {
					final byte[] respBytes = readDataFromNetwork(job.getUrl());

					// Write response bytes to cache.
					if (cacheFile != null) {
						try {
							cacheFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
							cacheFile.createNewFile();
							FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(
									cacheFile);
							fos.write(respBytes);
							fos.close();
						} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
							Log.w(TAG, "Error writing to bitmap cache: "
									+ cacheFile.toString(), e);
						} catch (IOException e) {
							Log.w(TAG, "Error writing to bitmap cache: "
									+ cacheFile.toString(), e);
						}
					}

					// Decode the bytes and return the bitmap.
					final Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(
							respBytes, 0, respBytes.length);

					// Create a runnable instance to be run on the UI thread
					Runnable callback = new Runnable() {
						public void run() {
							job.getOnFetchCompleteListener().onFetchComplete(
									bitmap);
						}
					};
					((Activity) mContext).runOnUiThread(callback);

				} catch (Exception e) {
					Log.w(TAG, "Problem while loading data: " + e.toString(), e);
				}
			}
		});
	}

	/**
	 * Given a URL for an Image, return a File representing where on our local
	 * disk the cached version should be saved.
	 * 
	 * @param url
	 *            to generate a file from
	 * @return a {@link File} instance representing the cached image
	 */
	private File cacheFileFromUrl(String url) {
		// First compute the cache key and cache file path for this URL
		File cacheFile = null;
		String cacheKey;

		try {
			cacheKey = sha1Hash(url);
		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
			Log.w(TAG, "SHA-1 digest not available, falling back to Base64");
			cacheKey = Base64.encodeToString(url.getBytes(), Base64.URL_SAFE);
		}

		if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(Environment
				.getExternalStorageState())) {
			cacheFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
					+ File.separator + "Android" + File.separator + "data"
					+ File.separator + mContext.getPackageName()
					+ File.separator + "cache" + File.separator + "bitmap_"
					+ cacheKey + ".tmp");
		}
		return cacheFile;
	}

	/**
	 * Given a url, calculates the corresponding filename. If it exists in our
	 * cache, return it. If it does not, return null so we know we need to fetch
	 * it from the remote server.
	 * 
	 * @param url
	 *            the url to see if we have cached or not
	 * @return the cached Bitmap, or null on a cache miss
	 */
	private Bitmap getCachedBitmap(String url) {
		File cacheFile = cacheFileFromUrl(url);

		// TODO: Make this clear the cache periodically
		if (cacheFile != null && cacheFile.exists()) {
			Bitmap cachedBitmap = BitmapFactory
					.decodeFile(cacheFile.toString());
			if (cachedBitmap != null) {
				return cachedBitmap;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Given a url, fetches the data and returns the data as a byte array.
	 * 
	 * @param url
	 *            The URL to read data from
	 * @return a byte array representing data read from the network
	 */
	public static byte[] readDataFromNetwork(String urlString) {
		InputStream is = null;
		URL url;
		byte[] empty = new byte[] {};

		try {
			url = new URL(urlString);
		} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
			// This is the worst exception in the world
			Log.e(TAG, "Somehow received a malformed URL: " + urlString, e);
			return empty;
		}

		try {

			URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
			conn.connect();
			is = conn.getInputStream();

			ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
			byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
			int read = 0;
			while ((read = is.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) != -1) {
				baos.write(buffer, 0, read);
			}
			baos.flush();
			return baos.toByteArray();
		} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
			Log.e(TAG, "Bad URL", e);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			Log.e(TAG, "Could not fetch data from URL: " + url.toString(), e);
		} finally {
			try {
				if (is != null)
					is.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				Log.w(TAG, "Error closing stream.");
			}
		}
		return empty;
	}

	// Helper methods

	/**
	 * Returns a hex based String SHA-1 hash of the input message.
	 * 
	 * @param message
	 *            a String to hash
	 * @return a String representing input String's SHA1 hash
	 * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
	 *             when the local system can't do SHA-1 digests
	 */
	private static String sha1Hash(String message)
			throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
		MessageDigest mDigest = null;

		mDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
		mDigest.update(message.getBytes());
		return bytesToHexString(mDigest.digest());
	}

	/**
	 * Converts a byte[] into a hex string. This is useful for generating SHA1
	 * hashes into a format that's more portable and useful in places that
	 * expect simply strings, such as filenames and URLs.
	 * 
	 * @param bytes
	 *            a byte array to convert into a string
	 * @return a hex string that's easier to store and pass around
	 */
	private static String bytesToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
		// Source: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/332079
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
			String hex = Integer.toHexString(0xFF & bytes[i]);
			if (hex.length() == 1) {
				sb.append('0');
			}
			sb.append(hex);
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}
}