Microsoft documents recommended abbreviations for Azure resource types as well as resource type specific naming rules and restrictions. Microsoft also publishes the Azure Naming Tool which happens to contain a structured repository of Azure resource type abbreviations and naming rules.
You can get a quick searchable grid of this data using PowerShell. If you prefer you can replace the Windows-only Out-GridView with the cross platform [Out-ConsoleGridView](https://github.com/PowerShell/ConsoleGuiTools/blob/main/docs/Microsoft.PowerShell.ConsoleGuiTools/Out-Console