- Node Keys (Cold, Hot, VRF)
- Cold key: operator's offline key pair with cert counter for new certificates.
- Hot KES key: operator's hot KES key pair.
- Block signing key: operational VRF key pair, it participates in the "lottery" i.e. right to create and sign the block for the specific slot.
- Address (Payment, Staking etc.) keys
- Payment key: single address key pair (usually for generating UtxO address)
- Staking key: stake/reward address key pair (usually generating account address)
Addresses in this context are only relevant to the ledger specification and not to any wallet addresses. So, the wallets
m/44'/1852'/0'/{0,1,2}bech32addresses (e.g.ca1hg9...) are irrelevant here.
Currently there are three main type of addresses and a reserved address space for future use:
- Shelley (payment) address:
- base address:
- pointer address:
- enterprise address:
- Reward/Account (staking) address: Reward/account address
- Byron address: The legacy address, for backward compatibility
- Future addresses: possible 5 main /w 16 subtypes or 80 additional address types)
Therefore addresses, in Cardano Shelley (only in Haskell code), are some serialised data specified in the ledger specification that are stored in the blockhain's blocks (e.g. an UtxO address).
The serialised data (address) contains two parts the metadata and payload (i.e. address = metadata + payload):
- metadata: is for interpreting the
- payload: the raw or encoded bytes. For example the verifying/public keys or their hashes or even scripts (e.g. plutus smart contract) hashes.
Therefore, in layman definition (by removing some complexity for easy understanding): Addresses are serialised public/verifying keys
See,the detailed address specification here.
Pls, keep in mind, that it does not mean that the specification is currently is used, implemented and/or finalised.
This was a bit misleading and that's why I have added delegator's to the title.
It's a simple reward (account) address which is not a payment address i.e. not an UtxO address such as the pay (former enterprise?) address, see later below.
Keep in mind, that only the reward addresses and the base (and probably the pointer) addresses can participate in the delegation.
First we need to create a reward address for the delegator, and a payment address for paying the transaction for sending the registration certificate (which is just simply the reward account in some CBOR encoded format) to the chain.
Note, you can use the address as the
payfromexercise-2you sent the money to.
# Delegator's staking/acount key, then Staking/Account address
############################################################
mkdir delegator && pushd delegator
cardano-cli shelley stake-address key-gen --verification-key-file stake.vkey --signing-key-file stake.skey
cardano-cli shelley stake-address build --staking-verification-key-file stake.vkey > stake.addr
cat stake.addr
#-------v 32 bytes key starts from here
8200582032a8c3f17ae5dafc3e947f82b0b418483f0a8680def9418c87397f2bd3d35efb
# It's a CBOR representation of the vkey
#82 # array(2)
# 00 # unsigned(0)
# 58 20 # bytes(32)
# 32A8C3F17AE5DAFC3E947F82B0B418483F0A8680DEF9418C87397F2BD3D35EFB #
# "2\xA8\xC3\xF1z\xE5\xDA\xFC>\x94\x7F\x82\xB0\xB4\x18H?\n\x86\x80\xDE\xF9A\x8C\x879\x7F+\xD3\xD3^\xFB"
# Delegators payment key -> payment address (a.k.a legacy UtxO a.k.a enterprise address).
# Ur use some address that already has some fund on it.
############################################################
cardano-cli shelley address build --payment-verification-key-file pay.vkey > pay.addr
cat pay
# As a single Shelley UtXO address and (no CBOR repr)
# header(1) | address(32), so no hash224
# 0x61 = 0110 0001 || 0x47eb...2907 therefore an UtXO enterprise address
6147ebc8bf8714dcf6700ac482a5d42624ffca6afb51ae23930ea6591119a12907# First generate the stake cert.
############################################################
cardano-cli shelley stake-address registration-certificate --staking-verification-key-file stake.vkey --out-file stake.cert
cat stake.cert
cbor-hex:
18b482008200582032a8c3f17ae5dafc3e947f82b0b418483f0a8680def9418c87397f2bd3d35efb
# Why the hack it say CBOR hex?
# 18 B4 # unsigned(180) --> 1011 0100
#
#82 # array(2)
# 00 # unsigned(0)
# 82 # array(2)
# 00 # unsigned(0)
# 58 20 # bytes(32)
# 32A8C3F17AE5DAFC3E947F82B0B418483F0A8680DEF9418C87397F2BD3D35EFB
# "2\xA8\xC3\xF1z\xE5\xDA\xFC>\x94\x7F\x82\xB0\xB4\x18H?\n\x86\x80\xDE\xF9A\x8C\x879\x7F+\xD3\xD3^\xFB"The delegator's staking key needs to be registered in the blockchain which just need a simple transaction using the pay payment address.
# 2. get param files
CARDANO_NODE_SOCKET_PATH=/opt/cardano/fnf/sockets/node0.socket cardano-cli shelley query protocol-parameters \
--testnet-magic 42 \
--out-file params.json
# 3. Calc tx fee
# You need two ginging keys included in fee calculation too:
# 1. the stake.skey` for singing the certificate and
# 2. any `payment` address signing key
# One UtxO is enough for the change, but I will move some fund from genesis to the delegators address
FEE=$(cardano-cli shelley transaction calculate-min-fee \
--protocol-params-file params.json \
--certificate stake.cert \
--tx-in-count 1 \
--tx-out-count 2 \
--ttl 500000 \
--testnet-magic 42 \
--signing-key-file stake.skey \
--signing-key-file /opt/cardano/fnf/addresses/genesis.skey \
| awk '{ print $2}')
# I will use the the genesis address as input for paying the fee.
#################################################################
FROM=$( cat /opt/cardano/fnf/addresses/genesis.addr )
# i.e. FROM=617190446876aed298ee207c6b5a335e832e2169a060b8167ef3ba9caff6fa3393
TX=$(cardano-cli shelley query utxo --testnet-magic 42 --address "$FROM" | grep "^[^- ]" | sort -k 2n | tail -1)
UTXO=$( echo "$TX" | awk '{ print $1 }')
ID=$( echo "$TX" | awk '{ print $2 }')
BALANCE=$( echo "$TX" | awk '{ print $3 }')
INPUT="${UTXO}#${ID}"
# This 500K ADA amount is going to the delegators UtxO style address for its delegated stakes
TO=$(cat pay.addr)
AMOUNT=500000000000
OUTPUT1="${FROM}+${CHANGE}"
OUTPUT2="${TO}+${AMOUNT}"
CHANGE=$(( $BALANCE - $FEE - $AMOUNT ))
echo "Balance: $BALANCE, Amount: "$AMOUNT", Change: $CHANGE, runTxCalculateMinFee: $FEE"
echo "Input : $INPUT"
echo "Output1: $OUTPUT1"
echo "Output2: $OUTPUT2"
# Balance: 1000000000000, Amount: 500000000000, Change: 499999825831, runTxCalculateMinFee: 174169
# Input : 7190446876aed298ee207c6b5a335e832e2169a060b8167ef3ba9caff6fa3393#0
# Output1: 617190446876aed298ee207c6b5a335e832e2169a060b8167ef3ba9caff6fa3393+499999828691
# Output2: 6147ebc8bf8714dcf6700ac482a5d42624ffca6afb51ae23930ea6591119a12907+500000000000
# Build
#
cardano-cli shelley transaction build-raw \
--tx-in "$INPUT" \
--tx-out "${FROM}+${CHANGE}" \
--tx-out "${TO}+${AMOUNT}" \
--ttl 500000 \
--fee "$FEE" \
--tx-body-file stake-cert-tx
# Sign
cardano-cli shelley transaction sign \
--tx-body-file stake-cert-tx \
--signing-key-file /opt/cardano/fnf/addresses/genesis.skey \
--signing-key-file stake.skey \
--tx-file stake-cert-tx \
--testnet-magic 42
# Submit
echo export CARDANO_NODE_SOCKET_PATH=/opt/cardano/fnf/sockets/node0.socket
echo "Wait some minutes"
echo cardano-cli shelley transaction submit --tx-file stake-cert-tx --testnet-magic 42
echo cardano-cli shelley query utxo --testnet-magic 42 --address "$FROM"
# TxHash TxIx Lovelace
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#c85b72ee021915f5a8349209db54a51334ad9dfcec2f0fa2619a707556017bb3 0 499999825831
echo cardano-cli shelley query utxo --testnet-magic 42 --address "$TO"
# TxHash TxIx Lovelace
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#c85b72ee021915f5a8349209db54a51334ad9dfcec2f0fa2619a707556017bb3 1 500000000000
### DoneI will create the stake pool here.
Optional, but I am creating a sequential cert and KES keys.
cardano-cli shelley node key-gen-KES \
--verification-key-file kes001.vkey \
--signing-key-file kes001.skey
cardano-cli shelley node issue-op-cert \
--hot-kes-verification-key-file kes001.vkey \
--cold-signing-key-file ~/cold-keys/cold.skey \
--operational-certificate-issue-counter ~/cold-keys/cold.counter \
--kes-period 0 \
--out-file node001.cert
# Start the node as usual
cardano-node run \
--config /opt/cardano/fnf/files/config.json \
--topology /opt/cardano/fnf/files/topology.json \
--shelley-kes-key /opt/cardano/fnf/priv/kes001.skey \
--shelley-vrf-key /opt/cardano/fnf/priv/vrf.skey \
--shelley-operational-certificate /opt/cardano/fnf/priv/node001.cert \
--database-path /opt/cardano/fnf/db \
--socket-path /opt/cardano/fnf/sockets/node0.socket \
--host-addr 0.0.0.0 \
--port 9000## This is the owner's staking key and not the delegator's stake key.
popd
pushd operator
cardano-cli shelley stake-address key-gen --verification-key-file staking.vkey --signing-key-file staking.skey
cardano-cli shelley stake-address build --staking-verification-key-file staking.vkey > staking.addr
# I will use the my genesis address for registering the
# delegator's cert.
# So, generate the group address i.e. enterprise || account address
cardano-cli shelley address build \
--payment-verification-key-file pay.vkey \
--staking-verification-key-file staking.vkey \
> addr.staking
## Generate the normal rewar/account address
cardano-cli shelley stake-address build --staking-verification-key-file staking.vkey > reward
# Generate the staking certificate
cardano-cli shelley stake-address registration-certificate \
--staking-verification-key-file staking.vkey \
--out-file staking.cert
# Calculate it min fee
cardano-cli shelley transaction calculate-min-fee \
--tx-in-count 1 \
--tx-out-count 2 \
--ttl 200000 \
--testnet-magic 42 \
--signing-key-file pay.skey \
--signing-key-file staking.skey \
--certificate staking.cert \
--protocol-params-file ../params.json
#
# runTxCalculateMinFee: 174169
grep keyDep ../params.json
# "keyDeposit": 400000,
cardano-cli shelley query utxo --testnet-magic 42 --address `cat ../../../priv/address`
# TxHash TxIx Lovelace
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 8b3b3baa8e715839ed5f94195367f7d8963221a642d87d460bf59118941cd19e 2 999799 660 946
# Amount to pledge
AMOUNT=500000000000
expr 999799660946 - 174169 - 400000 - $AMOUNT
# 499799086777
# So, I used the genesis UtxO to move to some staking (group) address and 500K back to it.
cardano-cli shelley transaction build-raw \
--tx-in "8b3b3baa8e715839ed5f94195367f7d8963221a642d87d460bf59118941cd19e#2" \
--tx-out $(cat addr.staking)+499799086777 \
--tx-out $(cat ../../../priv/address)+$AMOUNT \
--ttl 500000 \
--fee 174169 \
--tx-body-file tx-staking-cert \
--certificate staking.cert
# Sign it
cardano-cli shelley transaction sign \
--tx-body-file tx-staking-cert \
--signing-key-file ../../../priv/fnf.skey \
--signing-key-file staking.skey \
--testnet-magic 42 \
--tx-file tx-staking-cert.signed
# Submit it
cardano-cli shelley transaction submit \
--tx-file tx-staking-cert.signed \
--testnet-magic 42# 400K of the 499K as pledge and 1k as cost /w 5% margin
cardano-cli shelley stake-pool registration-certificate \
--stake-pool-verification-key-file ~/cold-keys/cold.vkey \
--vrf-verification-key-file /opt/cardano/fnf/priv/vrf.vkey \
--pool-pledge 400000000000 \
--pool-cost 1000000000 \
--pool-margin 0.05 \
--reward-account-verification-key-file staking.vkey \
--pool-owner-staking-verification-key staking.vkey \
--out-file pool.cert
cat pool.cert
#type: StakePoolCertificateShelley
#title: Free form text
#cbor-hex:
# 18b58a0358203360b5b041f48d1a625bdb501d6cc16637394d8f27b908ebf75b4d6f6ece5e455820
# dfe65ba25499d6c478a16649c0682324f3a0ed86cd7c3c61ef8778df591acc041b000009184e72a0
# 001a3b9aca00d81e820001820058204e00b1ec931a2aaa4a76d99312c411156eb87cb279bc30085b
# 48930a2d39e0548158204e00b1ec931a2aaa4a76d99312c411156eb87cb279bc30085b48930a2d39
# e05480f6
cardano-cli shelley stake-address delegation-certificate \
--staking-verification-key-file staking.vkey \
--stake-pool-verification-key-file ~/cold-keys/cold.vkey \
--out-file deleg.cert
cardano-cli shelley transaction calculate-min-fee \
--tx-in-count 1 \
--tx-out-count 1 \
--ttl 500000 \
--testnet-magic 42 \
--signing-key-file /opt/cardano/fnf/priv/fnf.skey \
--signing-key-file staking.skey \
--signing-key-file ~/cold-keys/cold.skey \
--certificate pool.cert \
--certificate deleg.cert \
--protocol-params-file ../params.json
# runTxCalculateMinFee: 184377
grep -i poolDeposit ../params.json
# "poolDeposit": 500000000,
# I use the staking.addr here
cardano-cli shelley query utxo --testnet-magic 42 --address $(cat addr.staking)
# TxHash TxIx Lovelace
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# a3105e35d9930bdb72dc84df6aa7ee9fb43e126aec938a6ee556b3987d47a213 0 499799086777
expr 499799086777 - 500000000 - 184377
# 499298902400
# Build
cardano-cli shelley transaction build-raw \
--tx-in "a3105e35d9930bdb72dc84df6aa7ee9fb43e126aec938a6ee556b3987d47a213#0" \
--tx-out $(cat addr.staking)+499298902400 \
--ttl 500000 \
--fee 184377 \
--tx-body-file tx-pool \
--certificate pool.cert \
--certificate deleg.cert
# Sign
cardano-cli shelley transaction sign \
--tx-body-file tx-pool \
--signing-key-file pay.skey \
--signing-key-file staking.skey \
--signing-key-file ~/cold-keys/cold.skey \
--testnet-magic 42 \
--tx-file tx-pool.signed
# Submit:
cardano-cli shelley transaction submit \
--tx-file tx-pool.signed \
--testnet-magic 42
# Done
cardano-cli shelley query utxo --testnet-magic 42 --address $(cat addr.staking)
# TxHash TxIx Lovelace
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#6c40c4add3938a78805932bf3d93bab3f35856f102c0f382779ffbb8fd66bd8b 0 499298902400
Wait 12 hours after you registered your pool for delegation
echo "type: Node operator verification key
title: Stake pool operator key
cbor-hex:
58200a9a89fe46bbc3b58998ab0d58da862194b51f1ce48ae319076bc1cf725e6108
" > pool.vkey
cat ~/cold-keys/cold.vkey > pool.vkey
cardano-cli shelley stake-address delegation-certificate \
--staking-verification-key-file ../stake.vkey \
--stake-pool-verification-key-file pool.vkey \
--out-file pool-delegation.cert
cardano-cli shelley transaction calculate-min-fee \
--tx-in-count 1 \
--tx-out-count 1 \
--ttl 500000 \
--testnet-magic 42 \
--signing-key-file ../../exercise2/addr.skey \
--signing-key-file ../stake.skey \
--certificate pool-delegation.cert \
--protocol-params-file ../params.json
# runTxCalculateMinFee: 172805
# I am using the address from exc2
cardano-cli shelley query utxo --testnet-magic 42 --address $(cat ../../exercise2/addr)
# TxHash TxIx Lovelace
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#61b7434edf51c69e53e1c4f2bcfa2d93932712aafaa3db975f6d13597711161d 0 99828691
expr 99828691 - 172805
# 99655886
# Generate and output address for receiving the change, and it
# also became a group address.
cardano-cli shelley address build \
--payment-verification-key-file ../../exercise2/addr.vkey \
--staking-verification-key-file ../stake.vkey \
> addr.stake
# Build
cardano-cli shelley transaction build-raw \
--tx-in "61b7434edf51c69e53e1c4f2bcfa2d93932712aafaa3db975f6d13597711161d#0" \
--tx-out $(cat addr.stake)+99655886 \
--ttl 500000 \
--fee 172805 \
--tx-body-file tx-pool-delegation \
--certificate pool-delegation.cert
# Sign
cardano-cli shelley transaction sign \
--tx-body-file tx-pool-delegation \
--signing-key-file ../../exercise2/addr.skey \
--signing-key-file ../stake.skey \
--testnet-magic 42 \
--tx-file tx-pool-delegation.signed
# Submit:
cardano-cli shelley transaction submit \
--tx-file tx-pool-delegation.signed \
--testnet-magic 42
# Done
cardano-cli shelley query utxo --testnet-magic 42 --address $(cat addr.stake)
# TxHash TxIx Lovelace
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------