The quick sort algorithm written in Go with comments explaining each step.

quick-sort-comments.go

package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

func partition(a []int, lo, hi int) int {
	// Select the highest index or right most element in the array
	// as the pivot.
	p := a[hi]

	// The (j) index starts at the lowest index element and
	// increments keeping track of each element seen. The (lo)
	// element will become the dividing element between elements
	// that are lower and the elements that are higher than the
	// pivot.
	for j := lo; j < hi; j++ {
		// Each element (j) is checked against the pivot
		// (hi). When (j) is lower it is swapped with the (lo)
		// element. A couple different scenarios can happen in
		// this loop. When all elements are lower than the
		// pivot they stay in place because (lo) and (j) are
		// incremented simultaneously, thus they are swapped
		// with themselves. When all elements are higher than
		// the pivot (hi) they also stay in place but at the
		// very end outside of this loop the (lo) and pivot
		// (hi) elements are swapped so that the pivot (hi)
		// comes before all other elements. The side effect of
		// this is when there are various elements that are
		// higher and lower, the higher elements are pulled up
		// the array until the loop is exhausted. When the
		// loop ends, the pivot must be placed where the
		// dividing (lo) element is so it sits between the
		// lower and higher elements.
		if a[j] < p {
			a[j], a[lo] = a[lo], a[j]
			lo++
		}
	}

	// Finally, the pivot (hi) must be swapped with the dividing
	// element (lo). After this swap all elements lower than the
	// pivot will become before it and higher elements after it.
	a[lo], a[hi] = a[hi], a[lo]

	// The swap above places the pivot (hi) into the (lo)
	// position. This location must be remembered for each
	// recursive call in the quickSort function.
	return lo
}

func quickSort(a []int, lo, hi int) {
	// When the (lo) element has reaches the (hi) element the
	// whole array has been partitioned.
	if lo > hi {
		return
	}

	// Partition the array starting at (lo) to (hi). Return the
	// pivot position.
	p := partition(a, lo, hi)

	// Recursively partition all elements on the left side of the
	// array, that is from (lo) up to the element just before the
	// pivot (p-1).
	quickSort(a, lo, p-1)

	// Do the same on all elements on the the right side from the
	// element after the pivot to the highest index.
	quickSort(a, p+1, hi)
}

func main() {
	list := []int{55, 90, 74, 20, 16, 46, 43, 59, 2, 99, 79, 10, 73, 1, 68, 56, 3, 87, 40, 78, 14, 18, 51, 24, 57, 89, 4, 62, 53, 23, 93, 41, 95, 84, 88}
	quickSort(list, 0, len(list)-1)
	fmt.Println(list)
}

if lo > hi, you have forgot the lo == hi condition

Great catch!