disk_benchmark.sh

disk_benchmark.sh

#!/bin/bash

# 默认参数
DEFAULT_DEVICE="/dev/sda"
TEST_SIZE="4G"     # 测试文件大小
RUNTIME="60"       # 每项测试运行时间(秒)
FIO_TESTFILE="/tmp/fio_testfile"  # FIO测试文件路径

# 显示使用方法
usage() {
    echo "用法: $0 [-d device] [-s size] [-t time]"
    echo "选项:"
    echo "  -d    指定测试设备 (默认: $DEFAULT_DEVICE)"
    echo "  -s    指定测试大小 (默认: $TEST_SIZE)"
    echo "  -t    指定测试时长 (默认: ${RUNTIME}秒)"
    echo "  -h    显示此帮助信息"
    echo
    echo "示例:"
    echo "  $0 -d /dev/nvme0n1"
    echo "  $0 -d /dev/vdb -s 8G -t 120"
    exit 1
}

# 解析命令行参数
while getopts "d:s:t:h" opt; do
    case $opt in
        d) DEVICE="$OPTARG";;
        s) TEST_SIZE="$OPTARG";;
        t) RUNTIME="$OPTARG";;
        h) usage;;
        ?) usage;;
    esac
done

# 如果没有指定设备，使用默认值
if [ -z "$DEVICE" ]; then
    DEVICE=$DEFAULT_DEVICE
fi

# 验证设备是否存在
if [ ! -b "$DEVICE" ]; then
    echo "错误: 设备 $DEVICE 不存在或不是块设备"
    exit 1
fi

OUTPUT_DIR="disk_benchmark_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)"
SUMMARY_FILE="$OUTPUT_DIR/summary.txt"

# 创建输出目录
mkdir -p $OUTPUT_DIR

# 清理函数
cleanup() {
    echo "清理测试文件..."
    rm -f $FIO_TESTFILE
}

# 在脚本退出时自动清理
trap cleanup EXIT

# 检测是否为虚拟设备
is_virtual_device() {
    local device=$1
    if [[ $device =~ ^/dev/vd || $device =~ ^/dev/xvd ]]; then
        return 0  # 是虚拟设备
    else
        return 1  # 不是虚拟设备
    fi
}

# 格式化数值输出
format_number() {
    local number=$1
    if [[ $number =~ ^[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?$ ]]; then
        printf "%.2f" "$number"
    else
        echo "N/A"
    fi
}

# 输出系统信息
print_system_info() {
    echo "系统信息" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "------------------------" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "测试时间: $(date)" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "设备: $DEVICE" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "测试大小: $TEST_SIZE" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "测试时长: $RUNTIME 秒" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "设备类型: $(is_virtual_device $DEVICE && echo "虚拟设备" || echo "物理设备")" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "设备信息:" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    lsblk $DEVICE | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "文件系统信息:" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    df -h $(dirname $FIO_TESTFILE) | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo -e "\n" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
}

# 运行单个 FIO 测试并解析结果
run_fio_test() {
    local test_name=$1
    local additional_params=$2
    local output_file="$OUTPUT_DIR/${test_name}.json"
    local error_file="$OUTPUT_DIR/${test_name}.error"
    
    echo "运行测试: $test_name" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    
    # 确保测试文件不存在
    rm -f $FIO_TESTFILE
    
    echo "执行命令: fio --directory=$(dirname $FIO_TESTFILE) --filename=$(basename $FIO_TESTFILE) --direct=1 --rw=$3 --bs=$4 --size=$TEST_SIZE --name=$test_name --group_reporting --time_based --runtime=$RUNTIME --output-format=json $additional_params" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    
    # 运行 FIO 测试并同时捕获标准输出和错误输出
    if ! fio --directory=$(dirname $FIO_TESTFILE) \
        --filename=$(basename $FIO_TESTFILE) \
        --direct=1 --rw=$3 --bs=$4 --size=$TEST_SIZE \
        --name=$test_name --group_reporting --time_based \
        --runtime=$RUNTIME --output-format=json \
        --numjobs=1 --thread --group_reporting \
        $additional_params > $output_file 2>$error_file; then
        echo "FIO测试失败: $test_name" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
        echo "错误信息:" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
        cat $error_file | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
        return 1
    fi

    # 检查输出文件是否为空或无效
    if [[ ! -s $output_file ]] || ! jq empty $output_file >/dev/null 2>&1; then
        echo "警告: FIO输出无效或为空" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
        echo "FIO输出内容:" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
        cat $output_file | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
        echo "错误输出:" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
        cat $error_file | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
        return 1
    fi
    
    # 测试完成后立即删除测试文件
    rm -f $FIO_TESTFILE
    
    # 解析JSON结果，使用临时变量存储解析结果
    local read_bw write_bw read_iops write_iops read_lat write_lat
    
    # 使用jq安全地解析JSON，添加错误检查
    if [[ -s $output_file ]]; then
        read_bw=$(jq -r '.jobs[0].read.bw // 0' $output_file)
        write_bw=$(jq -r '.jobs[0].write.bw // 0' $output_file)
        read_iops=$(jq -r '.jobs[0].read.iops // 0' $output_file)
        write_iops=$(jq -r '.jobs[0].write.iops // 0' $output_file)
        read_lat=$(jq -r '.jobs[0].read.lat_ns.mean // 0' $output_file)
        write_lat=$(jq -r '.jobs[0].write.lat_ns.mean // 0' $output_file)
        
        # 转换单位: ns -> μs (微秒)
        read_lat=$(echo "scale=2; $read_lat/1000" | bc)
        write_lat=$(echo "scale=2; $write_lat/1000" | bc)
        
        # 带宽转换为MB/s
        read_bw=$(echo "scale=2; $read_bw/1024" | bc)
        write_bw=$(echo "scale=2; $write_bw/1024" | bc)
    else
        echo "警告: FIO输出文件为空" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
        return 1
    fi
    
    echo "结果:" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "读取带宽: $(format_number $read_bw) MB/s" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "写入带宽: $(format_number $write_bw) MB/s" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "读取IOPS: $(format_number $read_iops)" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "写入IOPS: $(format_number $write_iops)" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "读取延迟: $(format_number $read_lat) μs" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "写入延迟: $(format_number $write_lat) μs" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "------------------------" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    
    # 显示剩余磁盘空间
    echo "当前磁盘空间使用情况:" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    df -h $(dirname $FIO_TESTFILE) | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "------------------------" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
}

# 检查错误率
check_disk_errors() {
    echo "磁盘错误检查" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    echo "------------------------" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    
    # 检查系统日志中的I/O错误
    echo "系统日志中的I/O错误:" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    dmesg | grep -i "i/o error" | tail -n 5 | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    
    # 只在非虚拟设备上运行SMART检查
    if ! is_virtual_device $DEVICE && command -v smartctl &> /dev/null; then
        echo "SMART状态:" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
        if smartctl -a $DEVICE &> /dev/null; then
            smartctl -H $DEVICE | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
            echo "SMART错误日志:" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
            smartctl -l error $DEVICE | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
        else
            echo "此设备不支持SMART功能或无法访问" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
        fi
    else
        echo "虚拟设备或SMART工具未安装，跳过SMART检查" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
    fi
    
    echo -e "\n" | tee -a $SUMMARY_FILE
}

# 主测试流程
main() {
    # 检查是否为root用户
    if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then 
        echo "请使用root权限运行此脚本"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    # 检查必要工具
    for cmd in fio jq bc; do
        if ! command -v $cmd &> /dev/null; then
            echo "请先安装 $cmd"
            exit 1
        fi
    done
    
    # 检查临时目录空间
    local available_space=$(df -BG $(dirname $FIO_TESTFILE) | awk 'NR==2 {print $4}' | sed 's/G//')
    local required_space=${TEST_SIZE%G}
    if [ $available_space -lt $((required_space * 2)) ]; then
        echo "警告: 临时目录空间可能不足，建议清理空间或减小测试文件大小"
        echo "可用空间: ${available_space}G, 测试大小: ${TEST_SIZE}"
        read -p "是否继续？(y/n) " -n 1 -r
        echo
        if [[ ! $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
            exit 1
        fi
    fi
    
    print_system_info
    
    # 顺序读写测试
    run_fio_test "sequential_read" "--ioengine=libaio" "read" "1M"
    run_fio_test "sequential_write" "--ioengine=libaio" "write" "1M"

    # 随机读写测试
    run_fio_test "random_read" "--ioengine=libaio --iodepth=32" "randread" "4k"
    run_fio_test "random_write" "--ioengine=libaio --iodepth=32" "randwrite" "4k"

    # 混合随机读写测试
    run_fio_test "mixed_random" "--ioengine=libaio --iodepth=32 --rwmixread=70" "randrw" "4k"
    
    # 检查错误率
    check_disk_errors
    
    echo "测试完成! 详细结果保存在: $OUTPUT_DIR"
}

# 运行主函数
main