Demo of why it is bad to use bindings to make a responsive image container. Here adding padding to the container holding the image (which can be done with an external stylesheet) causes the image to grow indefinitely.

BindingImageSizeDemo.java

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Node;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.scene.image.WritableImage;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.Region;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;

public class BindingImageSizeDemo extends Application {

    private Node createImageHolder(ImageView imageView) {
        BorderPane container = new BorderPane(imageView);
        // BROKEN. DO NOT USE THIS APPROACH:
        imageView.fitWidthProperty().bind(container.widthProperty());
        imageView.fitHeightProperty().bind(container.heightProperty());
        return container;

        // Instead do something like the following:
//        return new Region() {
//            {
//                getChildren().setAll(imageView);
//            }
//            @Override
//            protected void layoutChildren() {
//                imageView.setFitWidth(getWidth());
//                imageView.setFitHeight(getHeight());
//            }
//        };
    }

    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) throws Exception {
        WritableImage image = new WritableImage(1, 1);

        image.getPixelWriter().setColor(0, 0, Color.BLUE);
        ImageView imageView = new ImageView(image);

        // for debugging:
        imageView.boundsInLocalProperty().addListener((obs, oldBounds, newBounds) -> System.out.println(newBounds));

        Node imageContainer = createImageHolder(imageView);
        HBox root = new HBox(imageContainer);
        Scene scene = new Scene(root, 400, 400);

        addStyleToScene(scene);

        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.show();
    }

    private void addStyleToScene(Scene scene) {
        // external stylesheet added to the scene (adds 2 pixels padding to all direct child nodes of the root)
        String css = """
                .root > * {
                    -fx-padding: 2;
                }
                """;

        scene.getStylesheets().add("data:text/css;base64," +
                Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(css.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
    }



    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}