Regular expressions are a series of characters that create a pattern for the code to use in searching for specific strings within text. They are used for several different things, such as finding types of text within a string, verifying user-entered data such as social security numbers.
The regex I have chosen to explain is that for verifying a social security number. The regex itself is ^(?!666|000|\\d{2})\\d{3}-(?!00)\\d{2}-(?!0{4}\\d{4}$.