Last active
March 31, 2025 19:52
-
Star
(163)
You must be signed in to star a gist -
Fork
(23)
You must be signed in to fork a gist
-
-
Save jauderho/6b7d42030e264a135450ecc0ba521bd8 to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
HOWTO: Upgrade Raspberry Pi OS from Bullseye to Bookworm
This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
| ### WARNING: READ CAREFULLY BEFORE ATTEMPTING ### | |
| # | |
| # Officially, this is not recommended. YMMV | |
| # https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/bookworm-the-new-version-of-raspberry-pi-os/ | |
| # | |
| # This mostly works if you are on 64bit. You are on your own if you are on 32bit or mixed 64/32bit | |
| # | |
| # Credit to anfractuosity and fgimenezm for figuring out additional details for kernels | |
| # | |
| # Make sure everything is up-to-date | |
| sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade | |
| # Point to bookworm repos instead | |
| sudo sed -i -e 's/bullseye/bookworm/g' /etc/apt/sources.list | |
| sudo sed -i -e 's/bullseye/bookworm/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list | |
| # Contents of /etc/apt/sources.list | |
| deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware | |
| deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware | |
| deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware | |
| # Uncomment deb-src lines below then 'apt-get update' to enable 'apt-get source' | |
| #deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main contrib non-free | |
| #deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free | |
| #deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free | |
| # Contents of /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list | |
| deb http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/ bookworm main | |
| # Uncomment line below then 'apt-get update' to enable 'apt-get source' | |
| #deb-src http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/ bookworm main | |
| # Do actual update | |
| sudo apt update && sudo apt -y full-upgrade && sudo apt -y clean && sudo apt -y autoremove | |
| # Reboot | |
| sudo reboot | |
| # Remove old config files after doing sanity checks | |
| sudo apt purge ?config-files | |
| ### Switch to the new kernels ### | |
| # | |
| ## WARNING: Since this has bitten several folks. The following can completely brick your system requiring a reinstall | |
| ## DO NOT do this if you are unsure | |
| # | |
| # Prep | |
| sudo dpkg --purge --force-depends raspberrypi-kernel raspberrypi-bootloader | |
| sudo umount /boot | |
| sudo fsck -y /boot | |
| sudo mkdir /boot/firmware | |
| sudo sed -i.bak -e "s#boot#boot/firmware#" /etc/fstab | |
| sudo systemctl daemon-reload | |
| sudo mount /boot/firmware | |
| sudo apt install raspi-firmware | |
| # Actually install the kernels. Make sure you pick the right version for your Pi | |
| # sudo apt install linux-image-rpi-v8 linux-headers-rpi-v8 # 64bit | |
| # sudo apt install linux-image-rpi-v7l linux-headers-rpi-v7l # 32bit | |
| # sudo apt install linux-image-rpi-v6 linux-headers-rpi-v6 | |
| # Append auto_initramfs=1 to the bottom of file where it says [all] | |
| sudo sed -i.bak '$ a\auto_initramfs=1' /boot/firmware/config.txt | |
| # Reboot | |
| sudo reboot | |
| # Verify using "uname -a" (correct as of 10/2023) | |
| # Old kernel | |
| # Linux raspberrypi 6.1.21-v8+ #1642 SMP PREEMPT Mon Apr 3 17:24:16 BST 2023 aarch64 GNU/Linux | |
| # New kernel | |
| # Linux raspberrypi 6.1.0-rpi4-rpi-v8 #1 SMP PREEMPT Debian 1:6.1.54-1+rpt2 (2023-10-05) aarch64 GNU/Linux | |
| # If you are not converted to using NetworkManager, you might lose networking upon reboot. | |
| # Check the ARP table to see what the new DHCP assigned IP address is. You may have to manually set the IP address again | |
| # Thanks to solsticedhiver for identifying this | |
| # | |
| # Install NetworkManager if not already installed | |
| sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends network-manager | |
| # | |
| # Switch to NetworkManager from dhcpcd | |
| sudo systemctl enable --now NetworkManager | |
| sudo systemctl disable --now dhcpcd | |
| # | |
| # Set up static IP. Adjust as necessary | |
| sudo nmcli -p connection show | |
| sudo nmcli -p connection show "Wired connection 1" | |
| sudo nmcli con mod "Wired connection 1" ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.5/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.1 | |
| # Reboot | |
| sudo reboot | |
| # | |
| # Bonus steps | |
| # | |
| # Install btop | |
| sudo apt-get install btop | |
| # | |
| # Update /etc/ssh/sshd_config for up to date, secure by default config. Use ssh-audit to verify | |
| KexAlgorithms [email protected],curve25519-sha256,[email protected] | |
| HostKeyAlgorithms [email protected],ssh-ed25519 | |
| # Ciphers [email protected] # Disabled due to CVE-2023-48795 for now | |
| Ciphers [email protected],[email protected] | |
| MACs [email protected],[email protected] |
I have used these instructions to update one of my Pi4s successfully. However, today I am trying to update my other Pi4 and it fails at the 2nd last stage as follows:
root@hass:/home/pi# apt install linux-image-rpi-v8 linux-headers-rpi-v8
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
linux-image-rpi-v8 is already the newest version (1:6.6.28-1+rpt1).
linux-headers-rpi-v8 is already the newest version (1:6.6.28-1+rpt1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
4 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Setting up linux-image-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 (1:6.6.28-1+rpt1) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8.
Sign command: /lib/modules/6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8/build/scripts/sign-file
Signing key: /var/lib/dkms/mok.key
Public certificate (MOK): /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub
Building module:
Cleaning build area...
make -j4 KERNELRELEASE=6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 -C /lib/modules/6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8/build M=/var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build....(bad exit status: 2)
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 (aarch64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/make.log for more information.
Error! One or more modules failed to install during autoinstall.
Refer to previous errors for more information.
dkms: autoinstall for kernel: 6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 failed!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 11
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 (--configure):
installed linux-image-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-rpi-v8:
linux-image-rpi-v8 depends on linux-image-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 (= 1:6.6.28-1+rpt1); however:
Package linux-image-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-rpi-v8 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8:
linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 depends on linux-image-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 (= 1:6.6.28-1+rpt1) | linux-image-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8-unsigned (= 1:6.6.28-1+rpt1); however:
Package linux-image-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 is not configured yet.
Package linux-image-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8-unsigned is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-rpi-v8:
linux-headers-rpi-v8 depends on linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 (= 1:6.6.28-1+rpt1); however:
Package linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-rpi-v8 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8
linux-image-rpi-v8
linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8
linux-headers-rpi-v8
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
The error contained in the log - /var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/make.log - is:
DKMS make.log for xtrx-0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2 for kernel 6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8 (aarch64)
Tue 21 May 15:22:55 EAT 2024
make: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8'
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.o
/var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.c: In function ‘xtrxfd_mmap’:
/var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.c:1075:31: error: assignment of read-only member ‘vm_flags’
1075 | vma->vm_flags |= VM_LOCKED;
| ^~
/var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.c:1090:31: error: assignment of read-only member ‘vm_flags’
1090 | vma->vm_flags |= VM_IO;
| ^~
/var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.c:1115:31: error: assignment of read-only member ‘vm_flags’
1115 | vma->vm_flags |= VM_LOCKED;
| ^~
In file included from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/arch/arm64/include/asm/lse.h:12,
from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/arch/arm64/include/asm/cmpxchg.h:14,
from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/arch/arm64/include/asm/atomic.h:16,
from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/include/linux/atomic.h:7,
from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/include/asm-generic/bitops/atomic.h:5,
from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/arch/arm64/include/asm/bitops.h:25,
from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/include/linux/bitops.h:68,
from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/arch/arm64/include/asm/cache.h:40,
from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/include/linux/cache.h:6,
from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/include/linux/time.h:5,
from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/arch/arm64/include/asm/stat.h:12,
from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/include/linux/stat.h:6,
from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/include/linux/module.h:13,
from /var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.c:22:
/var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.c: In function ‘xtrx_init’:
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/include/linux/export.h:29:22: error: passing argument 1 of ‘class_create’ from incompatible pointer type [-Werror=incompatible-pointer-types]
29 | #define THIS_MODULE (&__this_module)
| ~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| |
| struct module *
/var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.c:1523:35: note: in expansion of macro ‘THIS_MODULE’
1523 | xtrx_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, CLASS_NAME);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/include/linux/device.h:31,
from /usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/include/linux/pci.h:37,
from /var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.c:25:
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/include/linux/device/class.h:230:54: note: expected ‘const char *’ but argument is of type ‘struct module *’
230 | struct class * __must_check class_create(const char *name);
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~
/var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.c:1523:22: error: too many arguments to function ‘class_create’
1523 | xtrx_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, CLASS_NAME);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/include/linux/device/class.h:230:29: note: declared here
230 | struct class * __must_check class_create(const char *name);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~
cc1: some warnings being treated as errors
make[2]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/scripts/Makefile.build:248: /var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/Makefile:1938: /var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build] Error 2
make: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-common-rpi/Makefile:246: __sub-make] Error 2
make: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.6.28+rpt-rpi-v8'
Is there a way to fix this error?? I do not want to reboot lest I end up with an unusable Pi4
@odhiambo run
sudo apt purge xtrx-dkms
sudo apt install --reinstall linux-image-rpi-v8 linux-headers-rpi-v8
@odhiambo run
sudo apt purge xtrx-dkms sudo apt install --reinstall linux-image-rpi-v8 linux-headers-rpi-v8
Thank you for that, but I already decided to do a clean install. I hope this response will help others.
I was able to complete the upgrade on my 4B without issue (headless 64bit). Thank you!
Worked great on my Rasperry Pi Zero 2 W, including the kernel :) Thanks for the guide!
Perfect upgrade guide. The only issues I had was switching to the new Network Manager. Thanks
I tried on my 72 unit of sensecap m1 lora gateway. Work perfectly!!
I tried this update method on my pi 3i, after all the step it is unable to reboot, I used another linux machine to view the bootfs, the kernal.img is missing. Is there any way I can fix this?
I tried this update method on my pi 3i, after all the step it is unable to reboot, I used another linux machine to view the bootfs, the kernal.img is missing. Is there any way I can fix this?
Experienced the same, see https://gist.github.com/jauderho/6b7d42030e264a135450ecc0ba521bd8?permalink_comment_id=4821335#gistcomment-4821335 how I fixed it.
This went perfectly smoothly for me on a Pi4, thanks!
sudo sed -i.bak '$ a\auto_initramfs=1' /boot/firmware/config.txt
broke it for me. Raspi didn't boot with auto_initramfs set to 1 anymore. Reverted it to 0 and boot with new kernel was successful.
# Switch to NetworkManager from dhcpcd
sudo systemctl enable --now NetworkManager
sudo systemctl disable --now dhcpcd
Noteable here is that NetworkManager ignores all interfaces defined in /etc/network/interfaces*. The interfaces must be removed from there to get visible in NetworkManager.
Edit: I'm on a Raspberry Pi 2 Model B
Raspberry PI 4 Model B, 64bit, installed in NVMe disk. Just upgraded to bookworm with kernel, without problems :)
I've (mostly) followed these steps and now have Bookworm running on my Raspberry Pi model B. Notes:
- Lines 18-25 (contents of sources.list) only apply to 64-bit installations, not 32-bit installations. Lines 14-16 take care of sources.list based on your current install's bitness so just trust those.
- I was using an SD card from a fresh bookworm install (backed out of that, too much work) with root on an external SSD that still had bullseye installed. This booted fine with the SD card mounted at /boot, but IPv6 didn't work (I run dual stack). After making a backup copy of /boot, I followed lines 41-59, though I purged raspberrypi-kernel and raspberrypi-bootloader after unmounting /boot instead of before. New kernel (6.6.47+rpt-rpi-v6) installed fine and IPv6 was enabled after reboot.
- The above issues with IPv6 caused the initial upgrade to fail because my nginx config files had IPv6 addresses. I had to comment those out of the nginx config files then manually install nginx-full which allowed the upgrade to complete successfully.
- I already had auto_initramfs=1 in my config.txt
Excellent instructions, successfully updated my RPi 4B, thank you!
For people who have issues with switching the kernel packages. If you have this kind of error:
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
linux-update-symlinks failed to create symbolic link
(I don't remember the exact error message)
- make sure that you have mounted the firmware partition already as /boot/firmware instead of /boot and that the fstab is correct
- create the file
/etc/kernel-img.confwith the content:
do_symlinks = yes
no_symlinks = no
image_dest = /boot
link_in_boot = true
- run
sudo apt --fix-broken install
Sign up for free
to join this conversation on GitHub.
Already have an account?
Sign in to comment
/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service.d/10-dhcpcd.confis part ofdhcpcd5 1:8.1.2-1+rpt9This is about upgrading. If
dhcpcd5was part of your "old" OS version, it will be upgraded and available ... . It is not part of a new Bookworm install.And no, I would not delete this file. You might
apt-get remove dhcpcd5, this should work (untested).