RDF-star "ocurrence" pattern vs. Schema.org "role" pattern vs. PROV-O "qualification" pattern

example.ttl

@prefix s: <http://schema.org/>.
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#>.

# simple (unqualified) statement

:dr_strangelove a s:Movie ;
  s:actor :peter_sellers.


# RDF-star with "ocurrence" nodes

## Quoted triple syntax

:dr_strangelove a s:Movie ;
  s:actor :peter_sellers.

<< :dr_strangelove s:actor :peter_sellers >>
    s:withPerformanceRole [
      s:characterName "Group captain Lionel Mandrake"
    ], [
      s:characterName "Dr Strangelove"
    ]

## Annotation syntax

:dr_strangelove a s:Movie ;
  s:actor :peter_sellers {|
    s:withPerformanceRole [
      s:characterName "Group captain Lionel Mandrake"
    ], [
      s:characterName "Dr Strangelove"
    ]
  |}.
  
## NB: the original triple (:dr_strangelove s:actor :peter_sellers)
## is still in the graph,
## so queries like ':dr_strangelove s:actor ?a' still work


# Schema.org "role" pattern

:dr_strangelove a s:Movie ;
  s:actor [
    a s:PerfomanceRole ;
    s:characterName "Group captain Lionel Mandrake" ;
    s:actor :peter_sellers ;
  ], [
    a s:PerfomanceRole ;
    s:characterName "Dr Strangelove" ;
    s:actor :peter_sellers ;
  ].

## NB: the original triple (:dr_strangelove s:actor :peter_sellers)
## is not in the graph anymore, so queries need to be changed.
## Furthermore, queries like ':dr_strangelove s:actor ?a'
## may now return a mix of Actors and PerformanceRoles
## (because some s:actor relations may still be in simple form).

# PROV-O qualification pattern

:dr_strangelove a s:Movie ;
  s:actor :peter_sellers ; # simple unqualified statement can be asserted
  prov:qualifiedAssociation [
      a s:PerfomanceRole ;
      s:characterName "Group captain Lionel Mandrake" ;
      prov:agent :peter_sellers ;
    ], [
      a s:PerfomanceRole ;
      s:characterName "Dr Strangelove" ;
      prov:agent :peter_sellers ;
    ].