Simple History.js-based client-side router

app.js

var app = (function ($) {
	var self = {};
	
	// change pages via app.go('/new/page') or app.go(-1)
	self.go = function (url) {
		if (url === parseInt (url)) {
			History.go (url);
		} else {
			History.pushState (null, null, url);
		}
	};
	
	// handle click events
	self.click_handler = function (e) {
		var url = $(this).attr ('href'),
			title = $(this).attr ('title');
		
		if (url.match (/:\/\//)) {
			return true;
		}
		
		if (url === '#') {
			return false;
		}
		
		e.preventDefault ();
		History.pushState ({}, title, url);
	};
	
	// show home
	self.show_home = function () {
		alert ('Home!');
	};
	
	// show item
	self.show_item = function (id) {
		alert ('Item ' + id);
	};
	
	return self;
})(jQuery);

example.html

<script src="history.js"></script>
<script src="router.js"></script>
<script src="app.js"></script>
<script src="init.js"></script>

<p><a href="/">Home</a> | <a href="/item/123">Item 123</a> | <a href="/item/456">Item 456</a></p>

init.js

(function (window, undefined) {
	var History = window.History;
	if (! History.enabled) {
		return false;
	}

	router.set_routes ({
		'/': app.show_home,
		'/item/:id': app.show_item
		// ...etc...
	});
	
	History.Adapter.bind (window, 'statechange', function () {
		var State = History.getState ();
		router.route (State.url);
	});

	// catch all link clicks
	$('body').on ('click', 'a', app.click_handler);

	// now use app.go(url) to move around
	router.route (router.get_path (window.location.href));
})(window);

router.js

/**
 * A simple router class to be used in conjunction with History.js.
 * Triggers the appropriate callback function when `router.route(url)`
 * is called.
 * 
 * Usage:
 *
 *     <script src="history.js"></script>
 *     <script src="router.js"></script>
 *     <script>
 *     (function (window, undefined) {
 *         var History = window.History;
 *         if (! History.enabled) {
 *             return false;
 *         }
 *         
 *         function handler_one () {
 *             console.log ('handler_one() called!');
 *         }
 *         
 *         function handler_two (name) {
 *             console.log ('handler_two() called!');
 *             console.log (name);
 *         }
 *         
 *         router.set_routes ({
 *             '/one': handler_one,
 *             '/hello/:name': handler_two
 *         });
 *         
 *         History.Adapter.bind (window, 'statechange', function () {
 *             var State = History.getState ();
 *             router.route (State.url);
 *         });
 *     
 *         History.pushState (null, null, '/one');
 *         History.pushState (null, null, '/hello/world');
 *     })(window);
 *     </script>
 */
var router = (function () {
	var router = {};

	// list of routes
	router.routes = {};

	// create once, used by get_path()
	router.a = document.createElement ('a');
	
	// turn a url into a regex and params
	router.regexify = function (url) {
		var res = {
			url: url,
			regex: null,
			params: []
		};
	
		// parse for params
		var matches = url.match (/\:([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)/g);
		if (matches !== null) {
			for (var i in matches) {
				matches[i] = matches[i].substring (1);
			}
			res.params = matches;
			url = url.replace (/\:([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)/g, '(.*?)');
		}

		res.regex = url.replace ('/', '\\/');
	
		return res;
	};
	
	// set a list of routes and their callbacks
	router.set_routes = function (routes) {
		for (var url in routes) {
			res = router.regexify (url);
			var r = {
				url: url,
				regex: new RegExp ('^' + res.regex + '/?$', 'g'),
				params: res.params,
				callback: routes[url]
			};
			router.routes[url] = r;
		}
	};
	
	// get the relative path from a full url
	router.get_path = function (url) {
		router.a.href = url;
		return router.a.pathname + router.a.search + router.a.hash;
	};
	
	// handle the routing for a url
	router.route = function (url) {
		var path = router.get_path (url);
		for (var i in router.routes) {
			var matches = router.routes[i].regex.exec (path);
			router.routes[i].regex.lastIndex = 0;
			if (matches !== null) {
				if (matches.length > 1) {
					matches.shift ();
					router.routes[i].callback.apply (null, matches);
				} else {
					router.routes[i].callback ();
				}
				break;
			}
		}
	};
	
	return router;
})();

thanks for this code, exactly what i am looking for :)

Note that you need to do something like to get it working with IE11!

  getPath(url) {
    this.a.href = url;
    
    // IE11 returns path name without a leading /, which the regexes need
    const pathName = this.a.pathname.indexOf('/') !== 0 ? `/${this.a.pathname}` : this.a.pathname;
    return `${pathName}${this.a.search}${this.a.hash}`;
  }