Load a Drupal 8 config, override some settings, save new config.

duplicate_view_from_config.php

<?php

// This will load the view from config, set a new name and ID, then change the vocabulary to tags.
$config = \Drupal::configFactory()->getEditable('views.view.blog_categories');
$config->setName('views.view.blog_categories_tags');
$config->set('id', 'blog_categories_tags');
$config->set('display.default.display_options.filters.vid.value', ['tags' => 'tags']);
$config->save(TRUE);