Script to toggle overlayfs for rootfs in Debian

toggle-overlayfs

#!/bin/sh
# Part of raspi-config https://github.com/RPi-Distro/raspi-config
#
# See LICENSE file for copyright and license details


INTERACTIVE=True
ASK_TO_REBOOT=0

get_overlay_now() {
  grep -q "boot=overlay" /proc/cmdline
}

get_overlay_conf() {
  grep -q "boot=overlay" /boot/grub/grub.cfg
}

get_bootro_now() {
 findmnt /boot | grep -q " ro,"
}

get_bootro_conf() {
  grep /boot /etc/fstab | grep -q "defaults.*,ro"
}

enable_overlayfs() {
  KERN=$(uname -r)
  INITRD=initrd.img-"$KERN"-overlay

  # mount the boot partition as writable if it isn't already
  if get_bootro_now ; then
    if ! mount -o remount,rw /boot 2>/dev/null ; then
      echo "Unable to mount boot partition as writable - cannot enable"
      return 1
    fi
    BOOTRO=yes
  else
    BOOTRO=no
  fi

  cat > /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/overlay << 'EOF'
# Local filesystem mounting			-*- shell-script -*-

#
# This script overrides local_mount_root() in /scripts/local
# and mounts root as a read-only filesystem with a temporary (rw)
# overlay filesystem.
#

. /scripts/local

local_mount_root()
{
	local_top
	local_device_setup "${ROOT}" "root file system"
	ROOT="${DEV}"

	# Get the root filesystem type if not set
	if [ -z "${ROOTFSTYPE}" ]; then
		FSTYPE=$(get_fstype "${ROOT}")
	else
		FSTYPE=${ROOTFSTYPE}
	fi

	local_premount

	# CHANGES TO THE ORIGINAL FUNCTION BEGIN HERE
	# N.B. this code still lacks error checking

	modprobe ${FSTYPE}
	checkfs ${ROOT} root "${FSTYPE}"

	# Create directories for root and the overlay
	mkdir /lower /upper

	# Mount read-only root to /lower
	if [ "${FSTYPE}" != "unknown" ]; then
		mount -r -t ${FSTYPE} ${ROOTFLAGS} ${ROOT} /lower
	else
		mount -r ${ROOTFLAGS} ${ROOT} /lower
	fi

	modprobe overlay || insmod "/lower/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/fs/overlayfs/overlay.ko"

	# Mount a tmpfs for the overlay in /upper
	mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /upper
	mkdir /upper/data /upper/work

	# Mount the final overlay-root in $rootmnt
	mount -t overlay \
	    -olowerdir=/lower,upperdir=/upper/data,workdir=/upper/work \
	    overlay ${rootmnt}
}
EOF

  # add the overlay to the list of modules
  if ! grep overlay /etc/initramfs-tools/modules > /dev/null; then
    echo overlay >> /etc/initramfs-tools/modules
  fi

  # build the new initramfs
  update-initramfs -c -k "$KERN"

  # rename it so we know it has overlay added
  mv /boot/initrd.img-"$KERN" /boot/"$INITRD"

  # there is now a modified initramfs ready for use...

  # modify initrd in /boot/grub/grub.conf
  sed -i /boot/grub/grub.cfg -e 's/initrd\.img-'"$KERN"'/'"$INITRD"'/'

  # modify command line
  if ! grep -q "boot=overlay" /boot/grub/grub.cfg ; then
      sed -i '/vmlinuz-'"$KERN"'/ s/$/ boot=overlay/' /boot/grub/grub.cfg
  fi

  if [ "$BOOTRO" = "yes" ] ; then
    if ! mount -o remount,ro /boot 2>/dev/null ; then
        echo "Unable to remount boot partition as read-only"
    fi
  fi
}

is_uname_current() {
  test -d "/lib/modules/$(uname -r)"
  return $?
}

disable_overlayfs() {
  KERN=$(uname -r)
  INITRD=initrd.img-"$KERN"-overlay
  # mount the boot partition as writable if it isn't already
  if get_bootro_now ; then
    if ! mount -o remount,rw /boot 2>/dev/null ; then
      echo "Unable to mount boot partition as writable - cannot disable"
      return 1
    fi
    BOOTRO=yes
  else
    BOOTRO=no
  fi

  # remove the overlay to the list of modules
  if grep -q "overlay" /etc/initramfs-tools/modules ; then
    sed -i /etc/initramfs-tools/modules -e '/overlay/d'
  fi
  if update-initramfs -c -k "${KERN}" ; then
    update-initramfs -d -k "${KERN}-overlay"
  fi

  # modify the initrd in /boot/grub/grub.cfg
  sed -i /boot/grub/grub.cfg -e 's/'"$INITRD"'/initrd\.img-'"$KERN"'/'

  # modify command line
  sed -i '/vmlinuz-'"$KERN"'/ s/ boot=overlay//' /boot/grub/grub.cfg

  if [ "$BOOTRO" = "yes" ] ; then
    if ! mount -o remount,ro /boot 2>/dev/null ; then
        echo "Unable to remount boot partition as read-only"
    fi
  fi
}

enable_bootro() {
  if get_overlay_now ; then
    echo "Overlay in use; cannot update fstab"
    return 1
  fi
  sed -i /etc/fstab -e "s/\(.*\/boot.*\)defaults\(.*\)/\1defaults,ro\2/"
}

disable_bootro() {
  if get_overlay_now ; then
    echo "Overlay in use; cannot update fstab"
    return 1
  fi
  sed -i /etc/fstab -e "s/\(.*\/boot.*\)defaults,ro\(.*\)/\1defaults\2/"
}

do_finish() {
  if [ $ASK_TO_REBOOT -eq 1 ]; then
    whiptail --yesno "Would you like to reboot now?" 20 60 2
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then # yes
      sync
      reboot
    fi
  fi
  exit 0
}

do_overlayfs() {
  DEFAULT=--defaultno
  CURRENT=0
  STATUS="disabled"

  if [ "$INTERACTIVE" = True ] && ! is_uname_current; then
    whiptail --msgbox "Could not find modules for the running kernel ($(uname -r))." 20 60 1
    return 1
  fi

  if get_overlay_conf; then
    DEFAULT=
    CURRENT=1
    STATUS="enabled"
  fi
  if [ "$INTERACTIVE" = True ]; then
    whiptail --yesno "Would you like the overlay file system to be enabled?" $DEFAULT 20 60 2
    RET=$?
  else
    RET=$1
  fi
  if [ $RET -eq $CURRENT ]; then
    if [ $RET -eq 0 ]; then
      if enable_overlayfs; then
        STATUS="enabled"
        ASK_TO_REBOOT=1
      else
        STATUS="unchanged"
      fi
    elif [ $RET -eq 1 ]; then
      if disable_overlayfs; then
        STATUS="disabled"
        ASK_TO_REBOOT=1
      else
        STATUS="unchanged"
      fi
    else
      return $RET
    fi
  fi
  if [ "$INTERACTIVE" = True ]; then
    whiptail --msgbox "The overlay file system is $STATUS." 20 60 1
  fi
  if get_overlay_now ; then
    if get_bootro_conf; then
      BPRO="read-only"
    else
      BPRO="writable"
    fi
    whiptail --msgbox "The boot partition is currently $BPRO. This cannot be changed while an overlay file system is enabled." 20 60 1
  else
    DEFAULT=--defaultno
    CURRENT=0
    STATUS="writable"
    if get_bootro_conf; then
      DEFAULT=
      CURRENT=1
      STATUS="read-only"
    fi
    if [ "$INTERACTIVE" = True ]; then
      whiptail --yesno "Would you like the boot partition to be write-protected?" $DEFAULT 20 60 2
      RET=$?
    else
      RET=$1
    fi
    if [ $RET -eq $CURRENT ]; then
      if [ $RET -eq 0 ]; then
        if enable_bootro; then
          STATUS="read-only"
          ASK_TO_REBOOT=1
        else
          STATUS="unchanged"
        fi
      elif [ $RET -eq 1 ]; then
        if disable_bootro; then
          STATUS="writable"
          ASK_TO_REBOOT=1
        else
          STATUS="unchanged"
        fi
      else
        return $RET
      fi
    fi
    if [ "$INTERACTIVE" = True ]; then
      whiptail --msgbox "The boot partition is $STATUS." 20 60 1
    fi
  fi
  do_finish
}

do_overlayfs

I should let you know that I'm experienced enough to get this stuff working if instructions are given, but I don't think I'd be much help as a designer or with packaging.

Currently, I run my system off a USB stick. The system has a duplicate backup partition that can easily be synced, so it's just a few commands to restore like new. That said, I'm more than happy to take any risks and do testing for you—I test and break my system on a daily basis! ;)

Also, just incase you're interested, there's another somewhat similar project which mounts your system into ram (tmpfs): https://gist.github.com/avinash-oza/9791c4edd78a03540dc69d6fbf21bd9c

I could release a more complete version and also with debian packaging

That'd be super.

Would you update it to a more complete version please?