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Last active May 13, 2025 11:27
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PHP function to recursively implode multi-dimensional arrays.
<?php
/**
* Recursively implodes an array with optional key inclusion
*
* Example of $include_keys output: key, value, key, value, key, value
*
* @access public
* @param array $array multi-dimensional array to recursively implode
* @param string $glue value that glues elements together
* @param bool $include_keys include keys before their values
* @param bool $trim_all trim ALL whitespace from string
* @return string imploded array
*/
function recursive_implode(array $array, $glue = ',', $include_keys = false, $trim_all = true)
{
$glued_string = '';
// Recursively iterates array and adds key/value to glued string
array_walk_recursive($array, function($value, $key) use ($glue, $include_keys, &$glued_string)
{
$include_keys and $glued_string .= $key.$glue;
$glued_string .= $value.$glue;
});
// Removes last $glue from string
strlen($glue) > 0 and $glued_string = substr($glued_string, 0, -strlen($glue));
// Trim ALL whitespace
$trim_all and $glued_string = preg_replace("/(\s)/ixsm", '', $glued_string);
return (string) $glued_string;
}
@sergeydevhub
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Like a boss.

@kachmi
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kachmi commented Nov 18, 2015

Here is a simple answer:

function implode_recur ($separator, $arrayvar){
$output = " ";
foreach ($arrayvar as $av)
if (is_array ($av)) $out .= implode_r ($separator, $av); // Recursive Use of the Array
else $out .= $separator.$av;

return $output;
}

$result = implode_recur(">>",$variable);

Okay have a good coding!

@bartrail
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I fixed and modified @kachmi's simpler answer a bit (added php7.4 types, added braces, renamed variables so it's working and added check if the separator is actually needed)

function implode_recursive(string $separator, array $array): string
{
    $string = '';
    foreach ($array as $i => $a) {
        if (is_array($a)) {
            $string .= implode_recursive($separator, $a);
        } else {
            $string .= $a;
            if ($i < count($array) - 1) {
                $string .= $separator;
            }
        }
    }

    return $string;
}

@lerminou
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lerminou commented Aug 6, 2021

@bartrail your answer doesn't work for associatives arrays

@theofanisv
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Thank you for your work

@Manzadey
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Manzadey commented Jun 6, 2022

Thank you! It's great working.

@KarelWintersky
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$arr = [
    "INTO xxx",
    "(",
    [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ],
    ")",
    "VALUES",
    "(",
    [ ':a', ':b', ':c' ],
    ")"
];

var_dump(recursive_implode($arr, ", ", false, false));

Return:

"INTO xxx, (, a, b, c, ), VALUES, (, :a, :b, :c, )"

does not work as expected 😢

@mister-pc
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Here's my version :-)
It doesn't use regexp, and deals with associative arrays but also objects, and makes key display as optional.
The output format is the most intuitive and can easily be used for debugging, it looks a bit like the var_dump one.
For example :
0 => [ 0 => [ 'id' => "1d8e9eb4", 'key' => "value", 'settings' => { 'width' => "full" }, 'empty_object' => { }, 'empty_array' => [ ] ], 1 => "string_value" ]

function recursive_implode( string $separator, mixed $mixed, bool $display_keys = false ) {
    $output = "";
    $value_index = 0;
    if( is_array( $mixed ) || is_object( $mixed ) ) {
        foreach( $mixed as $key => $value ) {
            $output .= ( $value_index ? $separator : '' ) . ( $display_keys ? ( is_int( $key ) ? $key : "'" . $key . "'" ) . ' => ' : '' );
            if( is_array( $value ) ) {
                $array_ouput = recursive_implode( $separator, $value, $display_keys );
                if( $array_ouput ) {
                    $output .= '[ ' . $array_ouput . ' ]';
                } else {
                    $output .= '[]';
                }
            } else
            if( is_object( $value ) ) {
                $object_output = recursive_implode( $separator, $value, $display_keys );
                if( $object_output ) {
                    $output .= '{ ' . $object_output . ' }';
                } else {
                    $output .= '{}';
                }
            } else {
                $output .= '"' . $value . '"';
            }
            $value_index++;
        }
    } else {
        $output = $mixed;
    }
    return $output;
}

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