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Shallow vs. deep representations in XHTML Hypermedia APIs
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<html> | |
<body> | |
<!-- the following div is a sample representation of a 'car' domain object; it can be identified as | |
such by the presence of 'car' in its @class. In this case, the car has two attributes, a make | |
and a model, and both are included right here. This is what I call a deep/complete/concrete | |
representation. --> | |
<div id="car123" class="car"> | |
<span class="make">Ford</span> | |
<span class="model">Mustang</span> | |
</div> | |
<!-- The following car doesn't have a make or model here, but it *does* have a self-link. I would | |
call this a shallow representation of the car. For this car, if I want to know the make or | |
model, I can follow the self-link to a different representation of this car and look for it | |
there. Note that this may result in following an arbitrarily long chain of self-links. --> | |
<div id="car234" class="car"> | |
<a rel="self" href="http://example.com/car234"/> | |
</div> | |
<!-- The following car has a make inlined, but no model. I call this a partial representation. If | |
a client wants to know the make of the car, it's here, but if the client wants to know the | |
model, it must then follow the self-link and look for it (or another self-link) there. I | |
stick with the server convention that you can only provide partial representations (including | |
fully shallow ones) if you provide this self-link. --> | |
<div id="car345" class="car"> | |
<a rel="self" href="http://example.com/car345"/> | |
<span class="make">Chevy</span> | |
</div> | |
<p> | |
When implementing a domain client, this means I can have a Car class whose constructor takes a | |
parsed XHTML element like one of the divs above. An enclosing class need only find an element | |
that matches <tt>.//div[@class='car']</tt> and then instantiate a Car with it. | |
</p> | |
<p> | |
In turn, the Car class can implement its getMake and getModel by either finding the data as | |
descendents of the root car div or by locating the self-link and then applying the Proxy pattern | |
to fetch and delegate to another Car instance. | |
</p> | |
<p> | |
Writing clients this way allows servers to vary considerably the granularity of domain object | |
representations without breaking existing clients. This is the style of client I wrote in the | |
demo application I described in my | |
<a href="http://oredev.org/2010/sessions/hypermedia-apis">Hypermedia APIs</a> talk, and is what | |
let that client be forwards-compatible with the various inlining operations I did on the server. | |
</p> | |
</body> | |
</html> |
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