Rails roadmap

ruby_on_rails_roadmap.txt

rails-0.10.0: Routing, Web Services, Components, Oracle
  active support:
    class e module attribute accessors:
      Extends the class object with class and instance accessors for class attributes
      Extends the module object with module and instance accessors for class attributes

    inflectors:
      The Inflector transforms words from singular to plural, class names to table names, modularized class names
      to ones without, and class names to foreign key.

    breakpoints:
      The Breakpoint library provides the convenience of  being able to inspect and modify state, diagnose  
      bugs all via IRB by simply setting breakpoints in your applications by the call of a method.

    core_ext:
      Adiciona comportamentos convenientes a diversas classes Ruby
      time:
        calculations:
          Mudar campos específicos em uma data. Por exemplo, mudar do ano 2005 para 2006 
            assert_equal Time.local(2006,2,22,15,15,10), Time.local(2005,2,22,15,15,10).change(:year => 2006)
          Retornar uma nova data sendo um número de segundos antes ou depois de uma certa data. Por ex, 
            assert_equal Time.local(2005,2,22,10,10,9),  Time.local(2005,2,22,10,10,10).ago(1)
            assert_equal Time.local(2005,2,20,10,10,10), Time.local(2005,2,22,10,10,10).ago(86400*2)
          Retornar uma nova data sendo o início do dia, semana ou mês
            assert_equal Time.local(2005,1,31), Time.local(2005,2,4,10,10,10).beginning_of_week
            assert_equal Time.local(2005,2,4,0,0,0), Time.local(2005,2,4,10,10,10).beginning_of_day
        conversions:
          Getting times in different convenient string representations and other objects
            assert_equal "February 21, 2005 17:44", Time.local(2005, 2, 21, 17, 44, 30).to_s(:long)
            assert_equal Date.new(2005, 2, 21), Time.local(2005, 2, 21, 17, 44, 30).to_date

      string:
        inflections:
          Makes it possible to do "posts".singularize that returns "post" and "MegaCoolClass".underscore that returns "mega_cool_class".
          "ApplicationController" => "application_controller"
          "UsersSection::CommissionDepartment" => "users_section/commission_department"
          "Person" => "person_id"
          "NodeChild"        => "node_children"

      numeric:
        byte:
          Enables the use of byte calculations and declarations, like 45.bytes + 2.6.megabytes
          1024.kilobytes =>   1.megabyte
          1.kilobyte ** 4  =>   1.terabyte
        time:
          Enables the use of time calculations and declarations, like 45.minutes + 2.hours + 4.years
          1.minute   => 60
          1.hour + 15.minutes => 4500
          2.days + 4.hours + 30.minutes => 189000

      hash:
        stringify_keys, symbolize_keys e indifferent_access
        strings = { 'a' => 1, 'b' => 2 }
        symbols = { :a  => 1, :b  => 2 }
        mixed   = { :a  => 1, 'b' => 2 }

      date:
        conversions:
          Getting dates in different convenient string representations and other objects
          assert_equal "February 21, 2005", Date.new(2005, 2, 21).to_s(:long)
          assert_equal Time.local(2005, 2, 21), Date.new(2005, 2, 21).to_time

  active record:
    connections:
      db2, mysql, oracle, postgresql, sqlite, sqlite3, sqlserver

    mapping:
      class Product < ActiveRecord::Base; end
      is automatically mapped to the table named "products",

    associations:
      class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base
        has_many   :clients
        has_one    :account
        belongs_to :conglomorate
        has_and_belongs_to_many :investors
      end
      natural assignments:
        apple.account = citibank
        assert_equal apple.id, citibank.firm_id
      
    validations:
      Validation rules that can differ for new or existing objects
      class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
        validates_presence_of     :subdomain, :name, :email_address, :password
        validates_uniqueness_of   :subdomain
        validates_acceptance_of   :terms_of_service, :on => :create
        validates_confirmation_of :password, :email_address, :on => :create
      end

    callbacks:
      Callbacks as methods or queues on the entire lifecycle (instantiation, saving, destroying, validating, etc).
        :after_find, :after_initialize, :before_validation, :before_validation_on_update, :after_validation, :after_validation_on_update, :before_save, :before_update, :after_update, :after_save, :before_destroy, :after_destroy

    finds and dynamic methods:
      Firm.find(1, 2)
      Company.find_first "name = 'Next Angle'"
      Firm.find_by_sql("SELECT * FROM companies WHERE id = 1").first
      Topic.find(1, :conditions => "approved = 1") 
      Topic.find_by_title("The First Topic")
      Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic", "David")
      Topic.find_all_by_content("Have a nice day")

      next_angle.clients.find(2)

      next_angle.clients.empty?
      next_angle.clients.size

  action pack:
    Action Pack splits the response to a web request into a controller part (performing the logic) and a view 
    part (rendering a template). This two-step approach is known as an action, which will normally create, read, update, 
    or delete (CRUD for short) some sort of model part (often backed by a database) before choosing either to render a 
    template or redirecting to another action

    action controller:
      Action Controllers are then responsible for handling all the actions relating to a certain part of an application. 
      This grouping usually consists of actions for lists and for CRUDs revolving around a single (or a few) model objects

      Actions grouped in controller as methods instead of separate command objects:
        BlogController < ActionController::Base
          def display
            @customer = find_customer
          end 

          private
          def find_customer() Customer.find(@params["id"]) end
        end

      Filters for pre and post processing of the response:
        lass WeblogController < ActionController::Base
        before_filter :authenticate, :cache, :audit
        after_filter { |c| c.response.body = GZip::compress(c.response.body) }
          
      Layout sharing for template reuse: 
        class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
          layout "weblog_layout"
          
          def hello_world
          end
        end

      Scaffolding for Action Record model objects:
        require 'account' # must be an Active Record class
        class AccountController < ActionController::Base
          scaffold :account
        end
        # templates: list, show, destroy, new, create, edit, update

      Advanced redirection that makes pretty urls easy:
        RewriteRule ^/library/books/([A-Z]+)([0-9]+)/([-_a-zA-Z0-9]+)$ \
        /books_controller.cgi?action=$3&type=$1&code=$2 [QSA] [L]

        Accessing /library/books/ISBN/0743536703/show calls BooksController#show
      

    action view:
      Action View templates are written using embedded Ruby in tags mingled in with the HTML. To avoid cluttering the 
      templates with code, a bunch of helper classes provide common behavior for forms, dates, and strings. 

      Embedded Ruby for templates:
        <% for post in @posts %>
          Title: <%= post.title %>
        <% end %>

      Helpers for forms, dates, action links, and text:
        <%= text_field "post", "title", "size" => 30 %>
        <%= html_date_select(Date.today) %>
        <%= link_to "New post", :controller => "post", :action => "new" %>
        <%= truncate(post.title, 25) %>

      Form building for Active Record model objects:
        <%= form "post" %>
        This form generates a @params["post"] array that can be used directly in a save action

      Rendering shared partials:
        <%= render_partial "advertisement/ad", ad %>

  action mailer:
    Action Mailer is framework for designing email-service layers. 

    The framework works by setting up all the email details, except the body:
      def signed_up(recipient)
        @recipients   = recipient
        @subject      = "[Signed up] Welcome #{recipient}"
        @from         = "[email protected]"
        @sent_on      = Time.local(2004, 12, 12)

        @body["recipient"] = recipient
      end  

      The body of the email is created by using an Action View template (regular ERb) 

      ApplicationMailer.deliver_signed_up("[email protected]") # sends the email

rails-0.11.0: Ajax, Pagination, Non-vhost, Incoming mail
  active support:
    string to date and time:
      assert_equal Time.utc(2005, 2, 27, 23, 50), "2005-02-27 23:50".to_time
      assert_equal Date.new(2005, 2, 27), "2005-02-27".to_date

  active record:
    Oracle native to OCI Oracle

  action pack:
    ajax

  action mailer:
    incoming mails

rails-0.12.0: Eager associations, new Base.find API, assertions revisited, more Ajax!
  
  # Turning N+1 queries into 1
  for post in Post.find(:all, :include => [ :author, :comments ])
    puts "Post:            " + post.title
    puts "Written by:      " + post.author.name
    puts "Last comment on: " + post.comments.first.created_on
  end

  Person.find(1, :conditions =>"administrator = 1", :order =>"created_on DESC")
  Person.find(1, 5, 6, :conditions =>"administrator = 1", :order =>"created_on DESC")
  Person.find(:first, :order =>"created_on DESC", :offset => 5)
  Person.find(:all, :conditions => [ "category IN (?)", categories], :limit => 50)
  Person.find(:all, :offset => 10, :limit => 10)

rails-0.13:
  Using script.aculo.us to visual effects, drag’n’drop, sortable lists, auto-completing text fields

  remote link:
    link_to_remote(      
      "test",
      :url => { :action =>"faulty" },
      :update => { :success =>"good", :failure =>"bad" },
      403 =>"alert('Forbidden- got ya!')",
      404 =>"alert('Nothing there...?')",
      :failure =>"alert('Unkown error ' + request.status)"
    )

  Migrations for PostgreSQL and MySQL:
    With migrations, you can describe the transformations in self-contained classes that can be checked  
    into version control systems and executed against another database that might be one, two, or five versions behind.

  Rendering: One method to bind them all 

  Routes: Giving them a name and calling them by it
    map.home '', :controller => 'main', :action => 'start'
    edirect_to :controller => 'main', :action => 'start' ... is now redirect_to :home_url

  Mail attachments

  Conditional validations:
    validates_numericality_of :income, :if => :employed?
    validates_presence_of :username, :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 1 }

rails-1.0 :
  script/plugin:
    Helps you install, manage, and discover new plugins
  
  Active Record:
    find_or_create_by_X, association collection extensions, migrations for all databases

rails-1.1.0
  gzip compression for JavaScript, CSS, and HTML to default lighttpd.conf
  Avoid passing escapeHTML non-string in Rails' info controller 

  RJS: JavaScript written in Ruby

  Polymorphic associations:
    class Address < ActiveRecord::Base
      belongs_to :addressable, :polymorphic => true
    end
   
    class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
      has_one :address, :as => :addressable
    end
   
    class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
      has_one :address, :as => :addressable
    end

  Calculations:
    sum, average, count, max

  Eager loading:
    # Single database query:
    companies = Company.find(:all, :include => { :groups => { :members=> { :favorites } } })
    # Just 1 database query for all of this:
    authors = Author.find(:all, :include => [ { :posts => :comments }, :categorizations ])
    authors[0].posts[0].comments[0].body # => "Rock on Rails!"
    authors[0].categorizations[0].name   # => "Less software"

  respond_to: Launch your application with both Ajax, non-Ajax, and API access through the same actions
    def create
      @post = Post.create(params[:post])
      respond_to do |type|
        type.js   { render }  # renders create.rjs
        type.html { redirect_to :action => "index" }
        type.xml  do
          headers["Location"] = post_url(:id => @post)
          render(:nothing, :status => "201 Created")
        end
      end
    end

  Integration tests:
    They allow you to faithfully simulate users accessing multiple controllers and even gives 
    you the power to simulate multiple concurrent users. 

rails-1.2
  REST, formats and respond_to:
    class WeblogController < ActionController::Base 
      def index 
        @posts = Post.find :all 
        respond_to do |format|
         format.html 
         format.xml { render :xml => @posts.to_xml }
         format.rss { render :action => “feed.rxml” }
       end 
     end
    end

    GET /weblog # returns HTML from browser Accept header 
    GET /weblog.xml # returns the XML 
    GET /weblog.rss # returns the RSS

  Auto-loading:
    Module loading, which means that a reference for Accounting::Subscription will look 
    for app/models/accounting/subscription.rb. 

    Referencing Subscription will not look for subscription.rb in any subdir of app/models. 
    Only app/models/subscription.rb will be tried. 

rails-1.2.2:
  single resource:
    map.resource :account

rails-2 preview:
  Action Pack: Resources:
    namespaces e collection resources 

  Action Pack: Multiview:
    So show.rhtml now becomes show.html.erb, which is the template that’ll be rendered by default 
    for a show action that has declared format.html in its respond_to.

  Action Pack: Record identification:
    # person is a Person object, which by convention will 
    # be mapped to person_url for lookup
    redirect_to(person)
    link_to(person.name, person)
    form_for(person)

  Action Pack: Security:
    Most importantly, we now ship we a built-in mechanism for dealing with CRSF attacks. 
    By including a special token in all forms and Ajax requests, you can guard from having requests made 
    from outside of your application.

  ActionWebService out, ActiveResource in:
    It’ll probably come as no surprise that Rails has picked a side in the SOAP vs REST debate. 
    Unless you absolutely have to use SOAP for integration purposes, we strongly discourage you from doing so.

  Action Pack: Exception handling:
    class PostsController < ApplicationController
      rescue_from User::NotAuthorized, :with => :deny_access
      
      protected
        def deny_access
          ...
        end
    end

rails-2.1: Time zones, dirty, caching, gem dependencies, caching, etc
  change tracking methods:
    p.changed?
    p.changes
    p.name_changed?
  gem dependencies:
    gem verions at config/environments/test.rb
  named scopes:
    class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
    belongs_to :category
    named_scope :cheap, :conditions => { :price => 0..5 }
    named_scope :recent, lambda { |*args| {:conditions => ["released_at > ?", (args.first || 2.weeks.ago)]} }
    named_scope :visible, :include => :category, :conditions => { 'categories.hidden' => false }
  end

rails-2.2
  i18n internacionalization
  Ruby 1.9 and JRuby compatible

rails-2.3:
  nested attributes:
    class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
      has_one :author
      has_many :pages
     
      accepts_nested_attributes_for :author, :pages
    end

  default scopes

  adopted Rack

  Multiple Conditions for Callbacks: 
    before_save :update_credit_rating, :if => :active, :unless => [:admin, :cash_only]

  Find with having:
    developers =  Developer.find(:all, :group => "salary", :having => "sum(salary) >  10000", :select => "salary")

  Unified Rendering:
    render '/tmp/random_file.erb'
    render 'other_controller/action'
    render 'show'
    render :show

  Smart Rendering of Partials:
    # Equivalent of render :partial => 'articles/_article',
    # :object => @article
    render @article

rails-2.3.6:
  flash keys to alert and notice
  I18n to internacionalize label_helper

rails-3:
  New ActiveRecord query engine:
    users = User.where(:name => "david").limit(20)
    users.order(:name).each { |user| puts user.name }

  Manage dependencies with Bundler:
    All Rails 3 applications are born with a Gemfile

  Active Model: Validations, callbacks, etc for all models:

  Agnosticism with jQuery, rSpec, and Data Mapper:
    DataMapper -> Active Record
    Query -> Prototype
    Spec -> test/unit

rails-3.1:
  AssetPipeline:
    Sprockets, SCSS, CoffeeScript

  JQuery default

  Reversible migrations

  asset paths when pipeline is on

rails-3.2:
  Faster dev mode & routing: 
    Only reload classes from files you’ve actually changed. The difference is dramatic on a larger application.

  Extract your vendor/plugins to their own gems and bundle them in your Gemfile.

  Explain queries

rails-3.2.X:
  critical security fixies:
    CVE-2012-5664, CVE-2013-0155, CVE-2013-0156, CVE-2013-0333

rails-4:
  Turbolinks
  
  Live streaming
  
  Scopes as callable objects
  
  Mass assignment protection from models to Controllers
  
  ActiveModel::Model:
    update its attributes through a form, but not persist it to the database
    we can create attr_accessors for any method we want 
    add validations just like we would with ActiveRecord

  Remove resources duplication using concerns:
    concern :commentable do
      resources :comments    
    end
    resources :articles, concerns: :commentable
    resources :photos, concerns: :commentable 

  Deprecating match and using get, post, patch