On your AArch64 host machine:
wget https://gist.githubusercontent.com/theboreddev/5f79f86a0f163e4a1f9df919da5eea20/raw/f546faea68f4149c06cca88fa67ace07a3758268/QEMU_EFI-a096471-edk2-stable202011.tar.gz
tar xvf QEMU_EFI-a096471-edk2-stable202011.tar.gz
wget https://cdimage.debian.org/images/cloud/bookworm/20250316-2053/debian-12-nocloud-arm64-20250316-2053.qcow2
qemu-img resize debian-12-nocloud-arm64-20250316-2053.qcow2 +32G
# On non-AArch64 machines try `-cpu cortex-a53` instead of `-cpu host -accel hvf`
qemu-system-aarch64 -m 8G -M virt -cpu host -accel hvf -bios QEMU_EFI.fd -drive if=none,file=debian-12-nocloud-arm64-20250316-2053.qcow2,id=hd0 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0 -device e1000,netdev=net0 -netdev user,id=net0,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:5555-:22 -nographic -smp 8